77 lines
2.9 KiB
Python
77 lines
2.9 KiB
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python
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# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
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"""
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Topic: 正则式分组替换示例
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"""
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import re
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class Nth(object):
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"""
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如果 sub 函数的第二个参数是个函数,则每次匹配到的时候都会执行这个函数。
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函数接受匹配到的那个 match object 作为参数,返回用来替换的字符串。
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利用这个特性就可以只在第 N 次匹配的时候返回要替换成的字符串,其他时候原样返回不做替换即可。
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"""
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def __init__(self, nth, replacement):
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self.nth = nth
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self.replacement = replacement
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self.calls = 0
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def __call__(self, matchobj):
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self.calls += 1
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if self.calls == self.nth:
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return self.replacement
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return matchobj.group(0)
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def re_sub():
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a = re.sub(r'(foo)(bar)', r'\g<1>123\g<2>', 'foobar')
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print(a)
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a = re.sub('a', 'A', 'abcasd') # 找到a用A替换,后面见和group的配合使用
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pat = re.compile('a')
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b = pat.sub('A', 'abcasd')
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print(b)
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# 通过组进行更新替换:
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pat = re.compile(r'(www\.)(.*)(\..{3})') # 正则表达式
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print(pat.match('www.dxy.com').group(2))
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# 通过正则匹配找到符合规则的”www.dxy.com“ ,取得组2字符串,用baidu替换之
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print('-----------')
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print(pat.sub(r'\g<1>baidu\g<3>', 'hello,www.dxy.com'))
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pat = re.compile(r'(\w+) (\w+)')
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s = 'hello world ! hello hz !'
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pat.findall('hello world ! hello hz !')
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# [('hello', 'world'), ('hello', 'hz')]
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# 通过正则得到组1(hello),组2(world),再通过sub去替换。即组1替换组2,组2替换组1,调换位置。
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print(pat.sub(r'\2 \1', s))
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# 替换字符串中第3个出现的good
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pat = re.compile(r'(good)')
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a = pat.sub(Nth(3, 'bad'), 'This is a good story, good is good. Oh, good')
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print(a)
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# 传入一个lambda函数,在匹配处两边加双引号
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a = pat.sub(lambda m: '"' + m.group(0) + '"', 'This is a good story, very good.')
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print(a)
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# 前后匹配,特殊构造,不作为分组
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# 前向定界(只能写固定宽度的正则式):(?<=...)之前的字符串需要匹配表达式才能成功匹配
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# 后向定界(可以写任意正则式):(?=...)之后的字符串需要匹配表达式才能成功匹配
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pat = re.compile(r'(?<=(a){1} )good(?= (story){1,2})')
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print(pat.sub('bad', 'This is a good story, very good.'))
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# 所以如果想定位前面字符为可变长字符串时,需要使用到组
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pat = re.compile(r'(a{1,2} )(good)(?= (story){1,2})')
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print(pat.sub(lambda m: m.group(1) + 'bad', 'This is a good story, very good.'))
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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pp = re.compile(r'((http|https|ftp)://[a-zA-Z0-9+\-&@#/%?=~_|!:,.;]*[a-zA-Z0-9+\-&@#/%=~_|])')
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aa = 'one: http://www.baidu.com/ two'
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print(pp.sub('<a href="\g<1>">', aa))
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# print(pp.findall(aa))
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# for m in pp.finditer(aa):
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# print(m.group())
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