4.6小节完成
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36
cookbook/c04/p06_generator_extrastate.py
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36
cookbook/c04/p06_generator_extrastate.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python
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# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
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"""
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Topic: 带外部状态的生成器
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Desc :
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"""
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from collections import deque
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class linehistory:
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def __init__(self, lines, histlen=3):
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self.lines = lines
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self.history = deque(maxlen=histlen)
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def __iter__(self):
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for lineno, line in enumerate(self.lines, 1):
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self.history.append((lineno, line))
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yield line
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def clear(self):
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self.history.clear()
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def gen_extrastate():
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with open('somefile.txt') as f:
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lines = linehistory(f)
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for line in lines:
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if 'python' in line:
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for lineno, hline in lines.history:
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print('{}:{}'.format(lineno, hline), end='')
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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gen_extrastate()
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@@ -1,18 +1,76 @@
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============================
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4.6 使用外部状态定义迭代器函数
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============================
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==========================
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4.6 带有外部状态的生成器函数
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==========================
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----------
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问题
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----------
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todo...
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你想定义一个生成器函数,但是它会调用某个你想暴露给用户使用的外部状态值。
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----------
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解决方案
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----------
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todo...
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如果你想让你的生成器暴露外部状态给用户,
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别忘了你可以简单的将它实现为一个类,然后把生成器函数放到__iter__()方法中过去。比如:
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.. code-block:: python
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from collections import deque
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class linehistory:
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def __init__(self, lines, histlen=3):
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self.lines = lines
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self.history = deque(maxlen=histlen)
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def __iter__(self):
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for lineno, line in enumerate(self.lines, 1):
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self.history.append((lineno, line))
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yield line
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def clear(self):
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self.history.clear()
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为了使用这个类,你可以将它当做是一个普通的生成器函数。
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然而,由于可以创建一个实例对象,于是你可以访问内部属性值,比如history属性或者是clear()方法。代码示例如下:
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.. code-block:: python
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with open('somefile.txt') as f:
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lines = linehistory(f)
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for line in lines:
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if 'python' in line:
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for lineno, hline in lines.history:
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print('{}:{}'.format(lineno, hline), end='')
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----------
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讨论
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todo...
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关于生成器,很容易掉进函数无所不能的陷阱。
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如果生成器函数需要跟你的程序其他部分打交道的话(比如暴露属性值,允许通过方法调用来控制等等),
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可能会导致你的代码异常的复杂。
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如果是这种情况的话,可以考虑使用上面介绍的定义类的方式。
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在__iter__()方法中定义你的生成器不会改变你任何的算法逻辑。
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由于它是类的一部分,所以允许你定义各种属性和方法来供用户使用。
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一个需要注意的小地方是,如果你在迭代操作时不使用for循环语句,那么你得先调用iter()函数。比如:
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.. code-block:: python
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>>> f = open('somefile.txt')
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>>> lines = linehistory(f)
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>>> next(lines)
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Traceback (most recent call last):
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File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
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TypeError: 'linehistory' object is not an iterator
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>>> # Call iter() first, then start iterating
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>>> it = iter(lines)
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>>> next(it)
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'hello world\n'
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>>> next(it)
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'this is a test\n'
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>>>
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