3.1小节完成
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7
cookbook/c03/__init__.py
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7
cookbook/c03/__init__.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python
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# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
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"""
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Topic: sample
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Desc :
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"""
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37
cookbook/c03/p01_round.py
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cookbook/c03/p01_round.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python
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# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
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"""
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Topic: 四舍五入运算
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Desc :
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"""
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def round_num():
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print(round(1.23, 1))
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print(round(1.27, 1))
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print(round(-1.27, 1))
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print(round(1.25361,3))
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# 舍入数为负数
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a = 1627731
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print(round(a, -1))
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print(round(a, -2))
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print(round(a, -3))
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# 格式化输出
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x = 1.23456
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print(format(x, '0.2f'))
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print(format(x, '0.3f'))
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print('value is {:0.3f}'.format(x))
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# 不要自以为是的用round去修正一些精度问题
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a = 2.1
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b = 4.2
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c = a + b
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print(c)
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c = round(c, 2) # "Fix" result (???)
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print(c)
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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round_num()
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@@ -5,14 +5,77 @@
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----------
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问题
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----------
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todo...
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你想对浮点数执行指定精度的舍入运算。
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----------
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解决方案
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----------
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todo...
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对于简单的舍入运算,使用内置的round(value, ndigits)函数即可。比如:
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.. code-block:: python
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>>> round(1.23, 1)
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1.2
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>>> round(1.27, 1)
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1.3
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>>> round(-1.27, 1)
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-1.3
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>>> round(1.25361,3)
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1.254
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>>>
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当一个值刚好在两个边界的中间的时候,round函数返回离它最近的偶数。
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也就是说,对1.5或者2.5的舍入运算都会得到2。
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传给round()函数的ndigits参数可以是负数,这种情况下,舍入运算会作用在十位、百位、千位等上面。比如:
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.. code-block:: python
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>>> a = 1627731
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>>> round(a, -1)
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1627730
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>>> round(a, -2)
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1627700
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>>> round(a, -3)
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1628000
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>>>
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----------
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讨论
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----------
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todo...
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不要将舍入和格式化输出搞混淆了。
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如果你的目的只是简单的输出一定宽度的数,你不需要使用round()函数。
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而仅仅只需要在格式化的时候指定精度即可。比如:
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.. code-block:: python
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>>> x = 1.23456
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>>> format(x, '0.2f')
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'1.23'
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>>> format(x, '0.3f')
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'1.235'
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>>> 'value is {:0.3f}'.format(x)
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'value is 1.235'
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>>>
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同样,不要试着去舍入浮点值来"修正"表面上看起来正确的问题。比如,你可能倾向于这样做:
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.. code-block:: python
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>>> a = 2.1
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>>> b = 4.2
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>>> c = a + b
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>>> c
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6.300000000000001
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>>> c = round(c, 2) # "Fix" result (???)
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>>> c
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6.3
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>>>
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对于大多数使用到浮点的程序,没有必要也不推荐这样做。
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尽管在计算的时候会有一点点小的误差,但是这些小的误差是能被理解与容忍的。
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如果不能允许这样的小误差(比如涉及到金融领域),那么就得考虑使用decimal模块了,下一节我们会详细讨论。
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@@ -2,12 +2,10 @@
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第三章:数字日期和时间
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=============================
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Python provides a variety of useful built-in data structures, such as lists, sets, and dictionaries.
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For the most part, the use of these structures is straightforward. However,
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common questions concerning searching, sorting, ordering, and filtering often arise.
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Thus, the goal of this chapter is to discuss common data structures and algorithms
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involving data. In addition, treatment is given to the various data structures contained
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in the collections module.
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在Python中执行整数和浮点数的数学运算时很简单的。
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尽管如此,如果你需要执行分数、数组或者是日期和时间的运算的话,就得做更多的工作了。
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本章集中讨论的就是这些主题。
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Contents:
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