2014-08-21 11:20:03 +08:00
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============================
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2014-09-02 04:46:28 +08:00
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6.13 数据的累加与统计操作
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2014-08-21 11:20:03 +08:00
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============================
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问题
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2015-01-07 14:35:41 +08:00
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你需要处理一个很大的数据集并需要计算数据总和或其他统计量。
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2014-08-21 11:20:03 +08:00
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解决方案
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2015-01-07 14:35:41 +08:00
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对于任何涉及到统计、时间序列以及其他相关技术的数据分析问题,都可以考虑使用 `Pandas库 <http://pandas.pydata.org/>`_ 。
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为了让你先体验下,下面是一个使用Pandas来分析芝加哥城市的
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`老鼠和啮齿类动物数据库 <https://data.cityofchicago.org/Service-Requests/311-Service-Requests-Rodent-Baiting/97t6-zrhs>`_ 的例子。
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在我写这篇文章的时候,这个数据库是一个拥有大概74,000行数据的CSV文件。
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.. code-block:: python
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>>> import pandas
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>>> # Read a CSV file, skipping last line
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>>> rats = pandas.read_csv('rats.csv', skip_footer=1)
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>>> rats
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<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
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Int64Index: 74055 entries, 0 to 74054
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Data columns:
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Creation Date 74055 non-null values
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Status 74055 non-null values
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Completion Date 72154 non-null values
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Service Request Number 74055 non-null values
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Type of Service Request 74055 non-null values
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Number of Premises Baited 65804 non-null values
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Number of Premises with Garbage 65600 non-null values
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Number of Premises with Rats 65752 non-null values
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Current Activity 66041 non-null values
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Most Recent Action 66023 non-null values
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Street Address 74055 non-null values
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ZIP Code 73584 non-null values
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X Coordinate 74043 non-null values
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Y Coordinate 74043 non-null values
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Ward 74044 non-null values
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Police District 74044 non-null values
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Community Area 74044 non-null values
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Latitude 74043 non-null values
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Longitude 74043 non-null values
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Location 74043 non-null values
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dtypes: float64(11), object(9)
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>>> # Investigate range of values for a certain field
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>>> rats['Current Activity'].unique()
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array([nan, Dispatch Crew, Request Sanitation Inspector], dtype=object)
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>>> # Filter the data
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>>> crew_dispatched = rats[rats['Current Activity'] == 'Dispatch Crew']
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>>> len(crew_dispatched)
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65676
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>>>
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>>> # Find 10 most rat-infested ZIP codes in Chicago
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>>> crew_dispatched['ZIP Code'].value_counts()[:10]
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60647 3837
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60618 3530
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60614 3284
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60629 3251
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60636 2801
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60657 2465
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60641 2238
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60609 2206
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60651 2152
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60632 2071
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>>>
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>>> # Group by completion date
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>>> dates = crew_dispatched.groupby('Completion Date')
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<pandas.core.groupby.DataFrameGroupBy object at 0x10d0a2a10>
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>>> len(dates)
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472
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>>>
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>>> # Determine counts on each day
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>>> date_counts = dates.size()
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>>> date_counts[0:10]
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Completion Date
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01/03/2011 4
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01/03/2012 125
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01/04/2011 54
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01/04/2012 38
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01/05/2011 78
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01/05/2012 100
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01/06/2011 100
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01/06/2012 58
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01/07/2011 1
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01/09/2012 12
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>>>
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>>> # Sort the counts
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>>> date_counts.sort()
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>>> date_counts[-10:]
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Completion Date
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10/12/2012 313
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10/21/2011 314
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09/20/2011 316
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10/26/2011 319
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02/22/2011 325
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10/26/2012 333
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03/17/2011 336
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10/13/2011 378
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10/14/2011 391
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10/07/2011 457
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>>>
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嗯,看样子2011年10月7日对老鼠们来说是个很忙碌的日子啊!^_^
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2014-08-21 11:20:03 +08:00
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----------
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讨论
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----------
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2015-01-07 14:35:41 +08:00
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Pandas是一个拥有很多特性的大型函数库,我在这里不可能介绍完。
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但是只要你需要去分析大型数据集合、对数据分组、计算各种统计量或其他类似任务的话,这个函数库真的值得你去看一看。
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