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python3-cookbook/cookbook/c08/p18_mixin_classes.py

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2015-02-05 15:39:40 +08:00
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Topic: 混入类
Desc : 如果单独使用Minxin类没有任何意义但是当利用多继承和其他类配合后就有神奇效果了
Mixin也是多继承的主要用途
"""
class LoggedMappingMixin:
"""
Add logging to get/set/delete operations for debugging.
"""
__slots__ = () # 混入类都没有实例变量,因为直接实例化混入类没有任何意义
def __getitem__(self, key):
print('Getting ' + str(key))
return super().__getitem__(key)
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
print('Setting {} = {!r}'.format(key, value))
return super().__setitem__(key, value)
def __delitem__(self, key):
print('Deleting ' + str(key))
return super().__delitem__(key)
class SetOnceMappingMixin:
'''
Only allow a key to be set once.
'''
__slots__ = ()
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
if key in self:
raise KeyError(str(key) + ' already set')
return super().__setitem__(key, value)
class StringKeysMappingMixin:
'''
Restrict keys to strings only
'''
__slots__ = ()
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
if not isinstance(key, str):
raise TypeError('keys must be strings')
return super().__setitem__(key, value)
class LoggedDict(LoggedMappingMixin, dict):
pass
d = LoggedDict()
d['x'] = 23
print(d['x'])
del d['x']
from collections import defaultdict
class SetOnceDefaultDict(SetOnceMappingMixin, defaultdict):
pass
d = SetOnceDefaultDict(list)
d['x'].append(2)
d['x'].append(3)
# d['x'] = 23 # KeyError: 'x already set'
def LoggedMapping(cls):
"""第二种方式:使用类装饰器"""
cls_getitem = cls.__getitem__
cls_setitem = cls.__setitem__
cls_delitem = cls.__delitem__
def __getitem__(self, key):
print('Getting ' + str(key))
return cls_getitem(self, key)
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
print('Setting {} = {!r}'.format(key, value))
return cls_setitem(self, key, value)
def __delitem__(self, key):
print('Deleting ' + str(key))
return cls_delitem(self, key)
cls.__getitem__ = __getitem__
cls.__setitem__ = __setitem__
cls.__delitem__ = __delitem__
return cls
@LoggedMapping
class LoggedDict(dict):
pass