lint/ctypes: fix `()` return type checks
Fixes#113436.
`()` is normally FFI-unsafe, but is FFI-safe when used as a return type. It is also desirable that a transparent newtype for `()` is FFI-safe when used as a return type.
In order to support this, when a type was deemed FFI-unsafe, because of a `()` type, and was used in return type - then the type was considered FFI-safe. However, this was the wrong approach - it didn't check that the `()` was part of a transparent newtype! The consequence of this is that the presence of a `()` type in a more complex return type would make it the entire type be considered safe (as long as the `()` type was the first that the lint found) - which is obviously incorrect.
Instead, this logic is removed, and after [consultation with t-lang](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/113436#issuecomment-1640756721), I've fixed the bugs and inconsistencies and made `()` FFI-safe within types.
I also refactor a function, but that's not too exciting.
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