Add `std` support for `armv7a-vex-v5`
This PR adds standard library support for the VEX V5 Brain (`armv7a-vex-v5` target). It is more-or-less an updated version of the library-side work done in rust-lang/rust#131530.
This was a joint effort between me, `@lewisfm,` `@max-niederman,` `@Gavin-Niederman` and several other members of the [`vexide` project](https://github.com/vexide/).
## Background
VEXos is a fairly unconventional operating system, with user code running in a restricted enviornment with regards to I/O capabilities and whatnot. As such, several OS-dependent APIs are unsupported or have partial support (such as `std::net`, `std::process`, and most of `std::thread`). A more comprehensive list of what does or doesn't work is outlined in the [updated target documentation](https://github.com/vexide/rust/blob/vex-std/src/doc/rustc/src/platform-support/armv7a-vex-v5.md). Despite these limitations, we believe that `libstd` support on this target still has value to users, especially given the popular use of this hardware for educational purposes. For some previous discussion on this matter, see [this comment](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/131530#issuecomment-2432856841).
## SDK Linkage
VEXos doesn't really ship with an official `libc` or POSIX-style platform API (and though it does port newlib, these are stubbed on top of the underlying SDK). Instead, VEX provides their own SDK for calling platform APIs. Their official SDK is kept proprietary (with public headers), though open-source implementations exist. Following the precedent of the `armv6k-nintendo-3ds` team's work in rust-lang/rust#95897, we've opted not to directly link `libstd` to any SDK with the expectation that users will provide their own with one of the following options:
- [`vex-sdk-download`](https://github.com/vexide/vex-sdk/tree/main/packages/vex-sdk-download), which downloads an official proprietary SDK from VEX using a build script.
- [`vex-sdk-jumptable`](https://crates.io/crates/vex-sdk-jumptable), which is a compatible, open-source reimplementation of the SDK using firmware jumps.
- [`vex-sdk-pros`](https://github.com/vexide/vex-sdk/tree/main/packages/vex-sdk-pros), which uses the [PROS kernel](https://github.com/purduesigbots/pros) as a provider for SDK functions.
- Linking their own implementation or stubbing the functions required by libstd.
The `vex-sdk` crate used in the VEXos PAL provides `libc`-style FFI bindings for any compatible system library, so any of these options *should* work fine. A functional demo project using `vex-sdk-download` can be found [here](https://github.com/vexide/armv7a-vex-v5-demo/tree/main).
## Future Work
This PR implements virtually everything we are currently able to implement given the current capabilities of the platform. The exception to this is file directory enumeration, though the implementation of that is sufficiently [gross enough](c6c5bad11e/packages/vexide-core/src/fs/mod.rs (L987)) to drive us away from supporting this officially.
Additionally, I have a working branch implementing the `panic_unwind` runtime for this target, which is something that would be nice to see in the future, though given the volume of compiler changes i've deemed it out-of-scope for this PR.
Add panic=immediate-abort
MCP: https://github.com/rust-lang/compiler-team/issues/909
This adds a new panic strategy, `-Cpanic=immediate-abort`. This panic strategy essentially just codifies use of `-Zbuild-std-features=panic_immediate_abort`. This PR is intended to just set up infrastructure, and while it will change how the compiler is invoked for users of the feature, there should be no other impacts.
In many parts of the compiler, `PanicStrategy::ImmediateAbort` behaves just like `PanicStrategy::Abort`, because actually most parts of the compiler just mean to ask "can this unwind?" so I've added a helper function so we can say `sess.panic_strategy().unwinds()`.
The panic and unwind strategies have some level of compatibility, which mostly means that we can pre-compile the sysroot with unwinding panics then the sysroot can be linked with aborting panics later. The immediate-abort strategy is all-or-nothing, enforced by `compiler/rustc_metadata/src/dependency_format.rs` and this is tested for in `tests/ui/panic-runtime/`. We could _technically_ be more compatible with the other panic strategies, but immediately-aborting panics primarily exist for users who want to eliminate all the code size responsible for the panic runtime. I'm open to other use cases if people want to present them, but not right now. This PR is already large.
`-Cpanic=immediate-abort` sets both `cfg(panic = "immediate-abort")` _and_ `cfg(panic = "abort")`. bjorn3 pointed out that people may be checking for the abort cfg to ask if panics will unwind, and also the sysroot feature this is replacing used to require `-Cpanic=abort` so this seems like a good back-compat step. At least for the moment. Unclear if this is a good idea indefinitely. I can imagine this being confusing.
The changes to the standard library attributes are purely mechanical. Apart from that, I removed an `unsafe` we haven't needed for a while since the `abort` intrinsic became safe, and I've added a helpful diagnostic for people trying to use the old feature.
To test that `-Cpanic=immediate-abort` conflicts with other panic strategies, I've beefed up the core-stubs infrastructure a bit. There is now a separate attribute to set flags on it.
I've added a test that this produces the desired codegen, called `tests/run-make-cargo/panic-immediate-abort-codegen/` and also a separate run-make-cargo test that checks that we can build a binary.
Add x86_64-unknown-motor (Motor OS) tier 3 target
Add the initial no-std Motor OS compiler target.
Motor OS has been developed for several years in the open: https://github.com/moturus/motor-os.
It has a more or less full implementation of Rust std library, as well as tokio/mio ports.
> A tier 3 target must have a designated developer or developers (the "target maintainers") on record to be CCed when issues arise regarding the target. (The mechanism to track and CC such developers may evolve over time.)
Ack. [U. Lasiotus](https://github.com/lasiotus) will maintain the target.
> Targets must use naming consistent with any existing targets; for instance, a target for the same CPU or OS as an existing Rust target should use the same name for that CPU or OS. Targets should normally use the same names and naming conventions as used elsewhere in the broader ecosystem beyond Rust (such as in other toolchains), unless they have a very good reason to diverge. Changing the name of a target can be highly disruptive, especially once the target reaches a higher tier, so getting the name right is important even for a tier 3 target.
> Target names should not introduce undue confusion or ambiguity unless absolutely necessary to maintain ecosystem compatibility. For example, if the name of the target makes people extremely likely to form incorrect beliefs about what it targets, the name should be changed or augmented to disambiguate it.
> If possible, use only letters, numbers, dashes and underscores for the name. Periods (.) are known to cause issues in Cargo.
Ack. The new target is named `x86_64-unknown-motor`, as it represents Motor OS on x86_64.
> Tier 3 targets may have unusual requirements to build or use, but must not create legal issues or impose onerous legal terms for the Rust project or for Rust developers or users.
> The target must not introduce license incompatibilities.
> Anything added to the Rust repository must be under the standard Rust license (MIT OR Apache-2.0).
> The target must not cause the Rust tools or libraries built for any other host (even when supporting cross-compilation to the target) to depend on any new dependency less permissive than the Rust licensing policy. This applies whether the dependency is a Rust crate that would require adding new license exceptions (as specified by the tidy tool in the rust-lang/rust repository), or whether the dependency is a native library or binary. In other words, the introduction of the target must not cause a user installing or running a version of Rust or the Rust tools to be subject to any new license requirements.
Ack. Motor OS is dual-licensed under MIT and/or Apache-2.0.
> Compiling, linking, and emitting functional binaries, libraries, or other code for the target (whether hosted on the target itself or cross-compiling from another target) must not depend on proprietary (non-FOSS) libraries. Host tools built for the target itself may depend on the ordinary runtime libraries supplied by the platform and commonly used by other applications built for the target, but those libraries must not be required for code generation for the target; cross-compilation to the target must not require such libraries at all. For instance, rustc built for the target may depend on a common proprietary C runtime library or console output library, but must not depend on a proprietary code generation library or code optimization library. Rust's license permits such combinations, but the Rust project has no interest in maintaining such combinations within the scope of Rust itself, even at tier 3.
> "onerous" here is an intentionally subjective term. At a minimum, "onerous" legal/licensing terms include but are not limited to: non-disclosure requirements, non-compete requirements, contributor license agreements (CLAs) or equivalent, "non-commercial"/"research-only"/etc terms, requirements conditional on the employer or employment of any particular Rust developers, revocable terms, any requirements that create liability for the Rust project or its developers or users, or any requirements that adversely affect the livelihood or prospects of the Rust project or its developers or users.
> Neither this policy nor any decisions made regarding targets shall create any binding agreement or estoppel by any party. If any member of an approving Rust team serves as one of the maintainers of a target, or has any legal or employment requirement (explicit or implicit) that might affect their decisions regarding a target, they must recuse themselves from any approval decisions regarding the target's tier status, though they may otherwise participate in discussions.
> This requirement does not prevent part or all of this policy from being cited in an explicit contract or work agreement (e.g. to implement or maintain support for a target). This requirement exists to ensure that a developer or team responsible for reviewing and approving a target does not face any legal threats or obligations that would prevent them from freely exercising their judgment in such approval, even if such judgment involves subjective matters or goes beyond the letter of these requirements.
Ack.
> Tier 3 targets should attempt to implement as much of the standard libraries as possible and appropriate (core for most targets, alloc for targets that can support dynamic memory allocation, std for targets with an operating system or equivalent layer of system-provided functionality), but may leave some code unimplemented (either unavailable or stubbed out as appropriate), whether because the target makes it impossible to implement or challenging to implement. The authors of pull requests are not obligated to avoid calling any portions of the standard library on the basis of a tier 3 target not implementing those portions.
Motor OS has a functional implementation of the standard library: https://github.com/moturus/rust/tree/motor-os_stdlib, which will be the subject of a later PR.
> The target must provide documentation for the Rust community explaining how to build for the target, using cross-compilation if possible. If the target supports running binaries, or running tests (even if they do not pass), the documentation must explain how to run such binaries or tests for the target, using emulation if possible or dedicated hardware if necessary.
Building instructions for Motor OS: https://github.com/moturus/motor-os/blob/main/docs/build.md.
> Tier 3 targets must not impose burden on the authors of pull requests, or other developers in the community, to maintain the target. In particular, do not post comments (automated or manual) on a PR that derail or suggest a block on the PR based on a tier 3 target. Do not send automated messages or notifications (via any medium, including via `@)` to a PR author or others involved with a PR regarding a tier 3 target, unless they have opted into such messages.
Ack.
> Backlinks such as those generated by the issue/PR tracker when linking to an issue or PR are not considered a violation of this policy, within reason. However, such messages (even on a separate repository) must not generate notifications to anyone involved with a PR who has not requested such notifications.
> Patches adding or updating tier 3 targets must not break any existing tier 2 or tier 1 target, and must not knowingly break another tier 3 target without approval of either the compiler team or the maintainers of the other tier 3 target.
> In particular, this may come up when working on closely related targets, such as variations of the same architecture with different features. Avoid introducing unconditional uses of features that another variation of the target may not have; use conditional compilation or runtime detection, as appropriate, to let each target run code supported by that target.
Ack.
> Tier 3 targets must be able to produce assembly using at least one of rustc's supported backends from any host target. (Having support in a fork of the backend is not sufficient, it must be upstream.)
Motor OS uses the standard x86_64 rustc/llvm toolchain.
> If a tier 3 target stops meeting these requirements, or the target maintainers no longer have interest or time, or the target shows no signs of activity and has not built for some time, or removing the target would improve the quality of the Rust codebase, we may post a PR to remove it; any such PR will be CCed to the target maintainers (and potentially other people who have previously worked on the target), to check potential interest in improving the situation.
Ack.
Enable `limit_rdylib_exports` on wasm targets
This commit updates the target specification of wasm targets to set the `limit_rdylib_exports` value to `true` like it is on other native platforms. This was originally not implemented long ago as `wasm-ld` didn't have options for symbol exports, but since then it's grown a `--export` flag and such to control this. A custom case is needed in the linker implementation to handle wasm targets as `wasm-ld` doesn't support linker scripts used on other targets, but other than that the implementation is straightforward.
The goal of this commit is enable building dynamic libraries on `wasm32-wasip2` which don't export every single symbol in the Rust standard library. Currently, without otherwise control over symbol visibility, all symbols end up being exported which generates excessively large binaries because `--gc-sections` ends up doing nothing as it's all exported anyway.
Make mips64el-unknown-linux-muslabi64 link dynamically
I missed this target when I changed all the other tier 3 targets in https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/144410. Only realized that this one was still statically linked when I looked at the list of targets in the test later (https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/146588).
since those two PRs were reviewed by you:
r? ````@jieyouxu````
I missed this target when I changed all the other tier 3 targets. Only
realized that this one was still statically linked when I looked at the
list of targets in the test later.
Signed-off-by: Jens Reidel <adrian@travitia.xyz>
This commit updates the target specification of wasm targets to set the
`limit_rdylib_exports` value to `true` like it is on other native
platforms. This was originally not implemented long ago as `wasm-ld`
didn't have options for symbol exports, but since then it's grown a
`--export` flag and such to control this. A custom case is needed in the
linker implementation to handle wasm targets as `wasm-ld` doesn't
support linker scripts used on other targets, but other than that the
implementation is straightforward.
The goal of this commit is enable building dynamic libraries on
`wasm32-wasip2` which don't export every single symbol in the Rust
standard library. Currently, without otherwise control over symbol
visibility, all symbols end up being exported which generates
excessively large binaries because `--gc-sections` ends up doing nothing
as it's all exported anyway.
This schema is helpful for people writing custom target spec JSON. It
can provide autocomplete in the editor, and also serves as documentation
when there are documentation comments on the structs, as `schemars` will
put them in the schema.
With this macro we only need to enumerate every variant once. This saves
a lot of duplication already between the definition, the `FromStr` impl
and the `ToJson` impl.
It also enables us to do further things with it like JSON schema
generation.
Fix LoongArch C function ABI when passing/returning structs containing floats
Similar to RISC-V, LoongArch passes structs containing only one or two floats (or a float–integer pair) in registers, as long as each element fits into a single corresponding register. Before this PR, Rust did not check the actual offset of the second float or integer; instead, it assumed the standard offset based on the default alignment. However, since the offset can be affected by `#[repr(align(N))]` and `#[repr(packed)]`, this led to miscompilations (see rust-lang/rust#145692). This PR fixes the issue by explicitly specifying the offset for the remainder of the cast.
Explicity disable LSX feature for `loongarch64-unknown-none` target
The `loongarch64-unknown-none` target is a bare-metal target with hardware floating-point support and should not enable SIMD extensions by default. However, LLVM's LoongArch64 backend enables LSX implicitly, inadvertently activating SIMD instructions for this target. This patch explicitly disable LSX feature to prevent unintended SIMD usage.
This was done in #145740 and #145947. It is causing problems for people
using r-a on anything that uses the rustc-dev rustup package, e.g. Miri,
clippy.
This repository has lots of submodules and subtrees and various
different projects are carved out of pieces of it. It seems like
`[workspace.dependencies]` will just be more trouble than it's worth.
The `loongarch64-unknown-none` target is a bare-metal target with
hardware floating-point support and should not enable SIMD extensions
by default. However, LLVM's LoongArch64 backend enables LSX implicitly,
inadvertently activating SIMD instructions for this target. This patch
explicitly disable LSX feature to prevent unintended SIMD usage.
Add managarm as a tier 3 target
This PR aims to introduce the `x86_64-unknown-managarm-mlibc` as a tier 3 target to Rust.
[managarm](https://github.com/managarm/managarm) is a microkernel with fully asynchronous I/O that also provides a POSIX server. Despite the differences, managarm provides good compatability with POSIX and Linux APIs. As a rule of thumb, barring OS-specific code, it should be mostly source-compatible with Linux.
We have been shipping a patched rust for over 25 releases now, and we would like to upstream our work. For a smoother process, this PR only adds the target to rustc and some documentation. `std` support will be added in a future PR.
## Addressing the tier 3 target policy
> A tier 3 target must have a designated developer or developers (the "target maintainers") on record to be CCed when issues arise regarding the target. (The mechanism to track and CC such developers may evolve over time.)
`@no92,` `@64` and `@Dennisbonke` will be target maintainers.
> Targets must use naming consistent with any existing targets; for instance, a target for the same CPU or OS as an existing Rust target should use the same name for that CPU or OS. Targets should normally use the same names and naming conventions as used elsewhere in the broader ecosystem beyond Rust (such as in other toolchains), unless they have a very good reason to diverge. Changing the name of a target can be highly disruptive, especially once the target reaches a higher tier, so getting the name right is important even for a tier 3 target.
> - Target names should not introduce undue confusion or ambiguity unless absolutely necessary to maintain ecosystem compatibility. For example, if the name of the target makes people extremely likely to form incorrect beliefs about what it targets, the name should be changed or augmented to disambiguate it.
> - If possible, use only letters, numbers, dashes and underscores for the name. Periods (.) are known to cause issues in Cargo.
`x86_64-unknown-managarm-mlibc` is what we use for LLVM as well.
> Tier 3 targets may have unusual requirements to build or use, but must not create legal issues or impose onerous legal terms for the Rust project or for Rust developers or users.
> - The target must not introduce license incompatibilities.
> - Anything added to the Rust repository must be under the standard Rust license (MIT OR Apache-2.0).
> - The target must not cause the Rust tools or libraries built for any other host (even when supporting cross-compilation to the target) to depend on any new dependency less permissive than the Rust licensing policy. This applies whether the dependency is a Rust crate that would require adding new license exceptions (as specified by the tidy tool in the rust-lang/rust repository), or whether the dependency is a native library or binary. In other words, the introduction of the target must not cause a user installing or running a version of Rust or the Rust tools to be subject to any new license requirements.
> - Compiling, linking, and emitting functional binaries, libraries, or other code for the target (whether hosted on the target itself or cross-compiling from another target) must not depend on proprietary (non-FOSS) libraries. Host tools built for the target itself may depend on the ordinary runtime libraries supplied by the platform and commonly used by other applications built for the target, but those libraries must not be required for code generation for the target; cross-compilation to the target must not require such libraries at all. For instance, rustc built for the target may depend on a common proprietary C runtime library or console output library, but must not depend on a proprietary code generation library or code optimization library. Rust's license permits such combinations, but the Rust project has no interest in maintaining such combinations within the scope of Rust itself, even at tier 3.
> - "onerous" here is an intentionally subjective term. At a minimum, "onerous" legal/licensing terms include but are not limited to: non-disclosure requirements, non-compete requirements, contributor license agreements (CLAs) or equivalent, "non-commercial"/"research-only"/etc terms, requirements conditional on the employer or employment of any particular Rust developers, revocable terms, any requirements that create liability for the Rust project or its developers or users, or any requirements that adversely affect the livelihood or prospects of the Rust project or its developers or users.
[managarm](https://github.com/managarm/managarm) is licensed as MIT. No dependencies were added.
> Neither this policy nor any decisions made regarding targets shall create any binding agreement or estoppel by any party. If any member of an approving Rust team serves as one of the maintainers of a target, or has any legal or employment requirement (explicit or implicit) that might affect their decisions regarding a target, they must recuse themselves from any approval decisions regarding the target's tier status, though they may otherwise participate in discussions.
> - This requirement does not prevent part or all of this policy from being cited in an explicit contract or work agreement (e.g. to implement or maintain support for a target). This requirement exists to ensure that a developer or team responsible for reviewing and approving a target does not face any legal threats or obligations that would prevent them from freely exercising their judgment in such approval, even if such judgment involves subjective matters or goes beyond the letter of these requirements.
Understood. None of the listed maintainers are on a Rust team.
> Tier 3 targets should attempt to implement as much of the standard libraries as possible and appropriate (core for most targets, alloc for targets that can support dynamic memory allocation, std for targets with an operating system or equivalent layer of system-provided functionality), but may leave some code unimplemented (either unavailable or stubbed out as appropriate), whether because the target makes it impossible to implement or challenging to implement. The authors of pull requests are not obligated to avoid calling any portions of the standard library on the basis of a tier 3 target not implementing those portions.
Support for `std` will be provided in a future PR. Only minor changes are required, however they depend on support in the `libc` crate which will be PRed in soon.
> The target must provide documentation for the Rust community explaining how to build for the target, using cross-compilation if possible. If the target supports running binaries, or running tests (even if they do not pass), the documentation must explain how to run such binaries or tests for the target, using emulation if possible or dedicated hardware if necessary.
The steps needed to take are described in the documentation provided with this PR.
> Tier 3 targets must not impose burden on the authors of pull requests, or other developers in the community, to maintain the target. In particular, do not post comments (automated or manual) on a PR that derail or suggest a block on the PR based on a tier 3 target. Do not send automated messages or notifications (via any medium, including via `@)` to a PR author or others involved with a PR regarding a tier 3 target, unless they have opted into such messages.
> - Backlinks such as those generated by the issue/PR tracker when linking to an issue or PR are not considered a violation of this policy, within reason. However, such messages (even on a separate repository) must not generate notifications to anyone involved with a PR who has not requested such notifications.
Understood.
> Patches adding or updating tier 3 targets must not break any existing tier 2 or tier 1 target, and must not knowingly break another tier 3 target without approval of either the compiler team or the maintainers of the other tier 3 target.
> - In particular, this may come up when working on closely related targets, such as variations of the same architecture with different features. Avoid introducing unconditional uses of features that another variation of the target may not have; use conditional compilation or runtime detection, as appropriate, to let each target run code supported by that target.
We have no indication that anything breaks due to this PR.
> Tier 3 targets must be able to produce assembly using at least one of rustc's supported backends from any host target.
No problems here, as we target `x86_64`.
r? compiler-team
Use captures(address) instead of captures(none) for indirect args
While provenance cannot be captured through these arguments, the address / object identity can.
Fixes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/137668.
r? `@ghost`
aarch64-nintendo-switch-freestanding - Enable CPU features that are always available in a live system (crypto instructions, plus explicit NEON).
~~While some NEON and crypto features may not be supported on the Nintendo Switch at boot (e.g. on the a53 cores) and this has not been tested, the features will _always_ be available if running as a sysmodule or homebrew application under Horizon/Atmosphere.~~ EDIT: the a53 cores are fused out, these features are always available.
This has been tested with local tools personally, as well as building [emuiibo](https://github.com/XorTroll/emuiibo) as it uses both `sha` and `aes` primitives. This was tested using inline assembly in previous versions, and in current versions by using the `aes`, `ctr`, `hmac`, and `sha2` crates.
r? `@jam1garner`
This ended up being much delayed from our discussions about updating this. I tested a number of individual features such as the `aes` and `sha2` target-features directly to avoid a warning message with the `crypto` feature, but that appears to be caused by https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/96472 and is not actually an issue.
There is also a decision to make here about explicitly enabling the `neon` feature. I am in favor of it to be explicit, but it is not necessary as it is already enabled by the `v8a` and `crypto` features. I will defer to your decision as it does not change the actual instructions available for codegen.
Shorten some dependency chains in the compiler
(I recommend reviewing this commit by commit.)
One of the long dependency chains in the compiler is:
- Many things depend on `rustc_errors`.
- `rustc_errors` depended on many things prior to this PR, including `rustc_target`, `rustc_type_ir`, `rustc_hir`, and `rustc_lint_defs`.
- `rustc_lint_defs` depended on `rustc_hir` prior to this PR.
- `rustc_hir` depends on `rustc_target`.
- `rustc_target` is large and takes a while.
This PR breaks that chain, through a few steps:
- The `IntoDiagArgs` trait, from `rustc_errors`, moves earlier in the dependency chain. This allows `rustc_errors` to stop depending on a pile of crates just to implement `IntoDiagArgs` for their types.
- Split `rustc_hir_id` out of `rustc_hir`, so crates that just need `HirId` and similar don't depend on all of `rust_hir` (and thus `rustc_target`).
- Make `rustc_lint_defs` stop depending on `rustc_hir`.
Tell LLVM about read-only captures
`&Freeze` parameters are not only `readonly` within the function, but any captures of the pointer can also only be used for reads. This can now be encoded using the `captures(address, read_provenance)` attribute.
`rustc_errors` depends on numerous crates, solely to implement its
`IntoDiagArg` trait on types from those crates. Many crates depend on
`rustc_errors`, and it's on the critical path.
We can't swap things around to make all of those crates depend on
`rustc_errors` instead, because `rustc_errors` would end up in
dependency cycles.
Instead, move `IntoDiagArg` into `rustc_error_messages`, which has far
fewer dependencies, and then have most of these crates depend on
`rustc_error_messages`.
This allows `rustc_errors` to drop dependencies on several crates,
including the large `rustc_target`.
(This doesn't fully reduce dependency chains yet, as `rustc_errors`
still depends on `rustc_hir` which depends on `rustc_target`. That will
get fixed in a subsequent commit.)
`&Freeze` parameters are not only `readonly` within the function,
but any captures of the pointer can also only be used for reads.
This can now be encoded using the `captures(address, read_provenance)`
attribute.
Demote x86_64-apple-darwin to Tier 2 with host tools
Switch to only using aarch64 runners (implying we are now cross-compiling) and stop running tests. In the future, we could enable (some?) tests via Rosetta 2.
This implements the decision from https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/3841.
Add VEXos "linked files" support to `armv7a-vex-v5`
Third-party programs running on the VEX V5 platform need a linker script to ensure code and data are always placed in the allowed range `0x3800000-0x8000000` which is read/write/execute. However, developers can also configure the operating system (VEXos) to preload a separate file at any location between these two addresses before the program starts (as a sort of basic linking or configuration loading system). Programs have to know about this at compile time - in the linker script - to avoid placing data in a spot that overlaps where the linked file will be loaded. This is a very popular feature with existing V5 runtimes because it can be used to modify a program's behavior without re-uploading the entire binary to the robot controller.
It's important for Rust to support this because while VEXos's runtime user-exposed file system APIs may only read data from an external SD card, linked files are allowed to load data directly from the device's onboard storage.
This PR adds the `__linked_file_start` symbol to the existing VEX V5 linker script which can be used to shrink the stack and heap so that they do not overlap with a memory region containing a linked file. It expects the linked file to be loaded in the final N bytes of user RAM (this is not technically required but every existing runtime does it this way to avoid having discontinuous memory regions).
With these changes, a developer targeting VEX V5 might add a second linker script to their project by specifying `-Clink-arg=-Tcustom.ld` and creating the file `custom.ld` to configure their custom memory layout. The linker would prepend this to the builtin target linker script.
```c
/* custom.ld: Reserves 10MiB for a linked file. */
/* (0x7600000-0x8000000) */
__linked_file_length = 10M;
/* The above line is equivalent to -Clink-arg=--defsym=__linked_file_length=10M */
/* Optional: specify one or more sections that */
/* represent the developer's custom format. */
SECTIONS {
.linked_file_metadata (NOLOAD) : {
__linked_file_metadata_start = .;
. += 1M;
__linked_file_metadata_end = .;
}
.linked_file_data (NOLOAD) : {
__linked_file_data_start = .;
. += 9M;
__linked_file_data_end = .;
}
} INSERT AFTER .stack;
```
Then, using an external tool like the `vex-v5-serial` crate, they would configure the metadata of their uploaded program to specify the path of their linked file and the address where it should be loaded into memory (in the above example, `0x7600000`).
