Show the offset, length and memory of uninit read errors
r? ``@RalfJung``
I want to improve memory dumps in general. Not sure yet how to do so best within rust diagnostics, but in a perfect world I could generate a dummy in-memory file (that contains the rendered memory dump) that we then can then provide regular rustc `Span`s to. So we'd basically report normal diagnostics for them with squiggly lines and everything.
Make slice comparisons const
This needed a fix for `derive_const`, too, as it wasn't usable in libcore anymore as trait impls need const stability attributes. I think we can't use the same system as normal trait impls while `const_trait_impl` is still unstable.
r? ```@fee1-dead```
cc rust-lang/rust#143800
`tests/ui`: A New Order [0/28]
> [!NOTE]
>
> Intermediate commits are intended to help review, but will be squashed prior to merge.
These are the some last tests that didn’t make it into the main twenty-eightology of PRs. Part of rust-lang/rust#133895.
r? ```@jieyouxu```
Add test for `default_field_values` and `const_default`
Add a test showing `#![feature(default_field_values)]` using `#[const_trait] trait Default` (`#![feature(const_default)]` + `#![feature(const_trait_impl)]`).
CC https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/132162
Rollup of 11 pull requests
Successful merges:
- rust-lang/rust#142300 (Disable `tests/run-make/mte-ffi` because no CI runners have MTE extensions enabled)
- rust-lang/rust#143271 (Store the type of each GVN value)
- rust-lang/rust#143293 (fix `-Zsanitizer=kcfi` on `#[naked]` functions)
- rust-lang/rust#143719 (Emit warning when there is no space between `-o` and arg)
- rust-lang/rust#143846 (pass --gc-sections if -Zexport-executable-symbols is enabled and improve tests)
- rust-lang/rust#143891 (Port `#[coverage]` to the new attribute system)
- rust-lang/rust#143967 (constify `Option` methods)
- rust-lang/rust#144008 (Fix false positive double negations with macro invocation)
- rust-lang/rust#144010 (Boostrap: add warning on `optimize = false`)
- rust-lang/rust#144049 (rustc-dev-guide subtree update)
- rust-lang/rust#144056 (Copy GCC sources into the build directory even outside CI)
r? `@ghost`
`@rustbot` modify labels: rollup
Fix false positive double negations with macro invocation
This PR fixes false positive double_negations lint when macro expansion has negation and macro caller also has negations.
Fixrust-lang/rust#143980
pass --gc-sections if -Zexport-executable-symbols is enabled and improve tests
Exported symbols are added as GC roots in linking, so `--gc-sections` won't hurt `-Zexport-executable-symbols`.
Fixes the run-make test to work on Linux. Enable the ui test on more targets.
cc rust-lang/rust#84161
Emit warning when there is no space between `-o` and arg
Closesrust-lang/rust#142812
`getopt` doesn't seem to have an API to check this, so we have to check the args manually.
r? compiler
fix `-Zsanitizer=kcfi` on `#[naked]` functions
fixes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/143266
With `-Zsanitizer=kcfi`, indirect calls happen via generated intermediate shim that forwards the call. The generated shim preserves the attributes of the original, including `#[unsafe(naked)]`. The shim is not a naked function though, and violates its invariants (like having a body that consists of a single `naked_asm!` call).
My fix here is to match on the `InstanceKind`, and only use `codegen_naked_asm` when the instance is not a `ReifyShim`. That does beg the question whether there are other `InstanceKind`s that could come up. As far as I can tell the answer is no: calling via `dyn` seems to work find, and `#[track_caller]` is disallowed in combination with `#[naked]`.
r? codegen
````@rustbot```` label +A-naked
cc ````@maurer```` ````@rcvalle````
Store the type of each GVN value
MIR is fully typed, so type information is an integral part of what defines a value. GVN currently tries to circumvent storing types, which creates all sorts of complexities.
This PR stores the type along with the enum `Value` when defining a value index. This allows to simplify a lot of code.
Fixesrust-lang/rust#128094Fixesrust-lang/rust#135128
r? ``````@ghost`````` for perf
Disable `tests/run-make/mte-ffi` because no CI runners have MTE extensions enabled
This PR disables the `tests/run-make/mte-ffi` run-make test because it is (1) broken, and (2) no CI runners have suitable MTE extensions enabled to run it correctly. This test being broken is tracked by https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/141600.
The first commit also reverts `mte-ffi` changes introduced in rust-lang/rust#141576, as those fixes potentially changes the meaning of the test.
cc ```````@dheaton-arm``````` (as this test was introduced in https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/128384)
### Context
In https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/141576 when converting PR CI runners from x86_64 to aarch64 runners, it was noticed that this test failed on `aarch64-gnu-llvm-19-1` but not `aarch64-gnu`. It turns out that:
- `aarch64-gnu-llvm-19-1`
- Uses `gcc version 14.2.0 (Ubuntu 14.2.0-4ubuntu2)`
- Based on `lscpu` output, the hardware that was used for this runner does not have MTE enabled.
- `aarch64-gnu`
- Uses `gcc version 11.4.0 (Ubuntu 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04)`
- Based on `lscpu` output, the hardware that was used for this runner does not have MTE enabled.
Based on [this comment](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/141576#issuecomment-2964179035), it seems like the test *requires* hardware with MTE extensions enabled to run properly (on ARMv8.5 or higher).
Furthermore, I believe this test does indeed have mismatched pointer type issues, i.e.
```
bar_string.c: In function ‘main’:
bar_string.c:36:9: error: assignment to ‘char *’ from incompatible pointer type ‘unsigned int *’ [-Wincompatible-pointer-types]
36 | ptr = (unsigned int *)((uintptr_t)ptr | 0x1fl << 56);
| ^
```
Which is only exposed by `aarch64-gnu-llvm-19-1` because `aarch64-gnu-llvm-19-1` uses **gcc 14.2.0** whereas `aarch64-gnu` uses **gcc 11.14.0**.
### Details
<details>
<summary>aarch64-gnu-llvm-19-1</summary>
```
gcc_version: Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/libexec/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/14/lto-wrapper
OFFLOAD_TARGET_NAMES=nvptx-none
OFFLOAD_TARGET_DEFAULT=1
Target: aarch64-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu 14.2.0-4ubuntu2' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-14/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++,m2,rust --prefix=/usr --with-gcc-major-version-only --program-suffix=-14 --program-prefix=aarch64-linux-gnu- --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/libexec --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --enable-bootstrap --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --enable-libstdcxx-backtrace --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-libquadmath --disable-libquadmath-support --enable-plugin --enable-default-pie --with-system-zlib --enable-libphobos-checking=release --with-target-system-zlib=auto --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-multiarch --enable-fix-cortex-a53-843419 --disable-werror --enable-offload-targets=nvptx-none=/build/gcc-14-T7YiXd/gcc-14-14.2.0/debian/tmp-nvptx/usr --enable-offload-defaulted --without-cuda-driver --enable-checking=release --build=aarch64-linux-gnu --host=aarch64-linux-gnu --target=aarch64-linux-gnu --with-build-config=bootstrap-lto-lean --enable-link-serialization=2
Thread model: posix
Supported LTO compression algorithms: zlib zstd
gcc version 14.2.0 (Ubuntu 14.2.0-4ubuntu2)
lscpu: Architecture: aarch64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 4
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3
Vendor ID: ARM
Model name: Neoverse-N2
Model: 0
Thread(s) per core: 1
Core(s) per socket: 4
Socket(s): 1
Stepping: r0p0
BogoMIPS: 2000.00
Flags: fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 atomics fphp asimdhp cpuid asimdrdm jscvt fcma lrcpc dcpop sha3 sm3 sm4 asimddp sha512 sve asimdfhm uscat ilrcpc flagm sb paca pacg dcpodp sve2 sveaes svebitperm svesha3 svesm4 flagm2 frint svei8mm svebf16 i8mm bf16
L1d cache: 256 KiB (4 instances)
L1i cache: 256 KiB (4 instances)
L2 cache: 4 MiB (4 instances)
L3 cache: 128 MiB (1 instance)
NUMA node(s): 1
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-3
Vulnerability Gather data sampling: Not affected
Vulnerability Itlb multihit: Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf: Not affected
Vulnerability Mds: Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown: Not affected
Vulnerability Mmio stale data: Not affected
Vulnerability Reg file data sampling: Not affected
Vulnerability Retbleed: Not affected
Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow: Not affected
Vulnerability Spec store bypass: Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl
Vulnerability Spectre v1: Mitigation; __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2: Mitigation; CSV2, BHB
Vulnerability Srbds: Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort: Not affected
```
</details>
<details>
<summary>aarch64-gnu</summary>
```
gcc_version: Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/11/lto-wrapper
Target: aarch64-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-11/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++,m2 --prefix=/usr --with-gcc-major-version-only --program-suffix=-11 --program-prefix=aarch64-linux-gnu- --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --enable-bootstrap --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-libquadmath --disable-libquadmath-support --enable-plugin --enable-default-pie --with-system-zlib --enable-libphobos-checking=release --with-target-system-zlib=auto --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-multiarch --enable-fix-cortex-a53-843419 --disable-werror --enable-checking=release --build=aarch64-linux-gnu --host=aarch64-linux-gnu --target=aarch64-linux-gnu --with-build-config=bootstrap-lto-lean --enable-link-serialization=2
Thread model: posix
Supported LTO compression algorithms: zlib zstd
gcc version 11.4.0 (Ubuntu 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04)
lscpu: Architecture: aarch64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 4
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3
Vendor ID: ARM
Model: 0
Thread(s) per core: 1
Core(s) per socket: 4
Socket(s): 1
Stepping: r0p0
BogoMIPS: 2000.00
Flags: fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 atomics fphp asimdhp cpuid asimdrdm jscvt fcma lrcpc dcpop sha3 sm3 sm4 asimddp sha512 sve asimdfhm uscat ilrcpc flagm sb paca pacg dcpodp sve2 sveaes svebitperm svesha3 svesm4 flagm2 frint svei8mm svebf16 i8mm bf16
L1d cache: 256 KiB (4 instances)
L1i cache: 256 KiB (4 instances)
L2 cache: 4 MiB (4 instances)
L3 cache: 128 MiB (1 instance)
NUMA node(s): 1
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-3
Vulnerability Gather data sampling: Not affected
Vulnerability Itlb multihit: Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf: Not affected
Vulnerability Mds: Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown: Not affected
Vulnerability Mmio stale data: Not affected
Vulnerability Reg file data sampling: Not affected
Vulnerability Retbleed: Not affected
Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow: Not affected
Vulnerability Spec store bypass: Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl
Vulnerability Spectre v1: Mitigation; __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2: Mitigation; CSV2, BHB
Vulnerability Srbds: Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort: Not affected
```
</details>
### References
- https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v5.10/arm64/memory-tagging-extension.html
---
cc ```````@marcoieni``````` as this PR reverts the `tests/run-make/mte-ffi` changes from rust-lang/rust#141576.
`-Zhigher-ranked-assumptions`: Consider WF of coroutine witness when proving outlives assumptions
### TL;DR
This PR introduces an unstable flag `-Zhigher-ranked-assumptions` which tests out a new algorithm for dealing with some of the higher-ranked outlives problems that come from auto trait bounds on coroutines. See:
* rust-lang/rust#110338
While it doesn't fix all of the issues, it certainly fixed many of them, so I'd like to get this landed so people can test the flag on their own code.
### Background
Consider, for example:
```rust
use std::future::Future;
trait Client {
type Connecting<'a>: Future + Send
where
Self: 'a;
fn connect(&self) -> Self::Connecting<'_>;
}
fn call_connect<C>(c: C) -> impl Future + Send
where
C: Client + Send + Sync,
{
async move { c.connect().await }
}
```
Due to the fact that we erase the lifetimes in a coroutine, we can think of the interior type of the async block as something like: `exists<'r, 's> { C, &'r C, C::Connecting<'s> }`. The first field is the `c` we capture, the second is the auto-ref that we perform on the call to `.connect()`, and the third is the resulting future we're awaiting at the first and only await point. Note that every region is uniquified differently in the interior types.
For the async block to be `Send`, we must prove that both of the interior types are `Send`. First, we have an `exists<'r, 's>` binder, which needs to be instantiated universally since we treat the regions in this binder as *unknown*[^exist]. This gives us two types: `{ &'!r C, C::Connecting<'!s> }`. Proving `&'!r C: Send` is easy due to a [`Send`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/marker/trait.Send.html#impl-Send-for-%26T) impl for references.
Proving `C::Connecting<'!s>: Send` can only be done via the item bound, which then requires `C: '!s` to hold (due to the `where Self: 'a` on the associated type definition). Unfortunately, we don't know that `C: '!s` since we stripped away any relationship between the interior type and the param `C`. This leads to a bogus borrow checker error today!
### Approach
Coroutine interiors are well-formed by virtue of them being borrow-checked, as long as their callers are invoking their parent functions in a well-formed way, then substitutions should also be well-formed. Therefore, in our example above, we should be able to deduce the assumption that `C: '!s` holds from the well-formedness of the interior type `C::Connecting<'!s>`.
This PR introduces the notion of *coroutine assumptions*, which are the outlives assumptions that we can assume hold due to the well-formedness of a coroutine's interior types. These are computed alongside the coroutine types in the `CoroutineWitnessTypes` struct. When we instantiate the binder when proving an auto trait for a coroutine, we instantiate the `CoroutineWitnessTypes` and stash these newly instantiated assumptions in the region storage in the `InferCtxt`. Later on in lexical region resolution or MIR borrowck, we use these registered assumptions to discharge any placeholder outlives obligations that we would otherwise not be able to prove.
### How well does it work?
I've added a ton of tests of different reported situations that users have shared on issues like rust-lang/rust#110338, and an (anecdotally) large number of those examples end up working straight out of the box! Some limitations are described below.
### How badly does it not work?
The behavior today is quite rudimentary, since we currently discharge the placeholder assumptions pretty early in region resolution. This manifests itself as some limitations on the code that we accept.
For example, `tests/ui/async-await/higher-ranked-auto-trait-11.rs` continues to fail. In that test, we must prove that a placeholder is equal to a universal for a param-env candidate to hold when proving an auto trait, e.g. `'!1 = 'a` is required to prove `T: Trait<'!1>` in a param-env that has `T: Trait<'a>`. Unfortunately, at that point in the MIR body, we only know that the placeholder is equal to some body-local existential NLL var `'?2`, which only gets equated to the universal `'a` when being stored into the return local later on in MIR borrowck.
This could be fixed by integrating these assumptions into the type outlives machinery in a more first-class way, and delaying things to the end of MIR typeck when we know the full relationship between existential and universal NLL vars. Doing this integration today is quite difficult today.
`tests/ui/async-await/higher-ranked-auto-trait-11.rs` fails because we don't compute the full transitive outlives relations between placeholders. In that test, we have in our region assumptions that some `'!1 = '!2` and `'!2 = '!3`, but we must prove `'!1 = '!3`.
This can be fixed by computing the set of coroutine outlives assumptions in a more transitive way, or as I mentioned above, integrating these assumptions into the type outlives machinery in a more first-class way, since it's already responsible for the transitive outlives assumptions of universals.
### Moving forward
I'm still quite happy with this implementation, and I'd like to land it for testing. I may work on overhauling both the way we compute these coroutine assumptions and also how we deal with the assumptions during (lexical/nll) region checking. But for now, I'd like to give users a chance to try out this new `-Zhigher-ranked-assumptions` flag to uncover more shortcomings.
[^exist]: Instantiating this binder with infer regions would be incomplete, since we'd be asking for *some* instantiation of the interior types, not proving something for *all* instantiations of the interior types.
Unify `CoroutineWitness` sooner in typeck, and stall coroutine obligations based off of `TypingEnv`
* Stall coroutine obligations based off of `TypingMode` in the old solver.
* Eagerly assign `TyKind::CoroutineWitness` to the witness arg of coroutines during typeck, rather than deferring them to the end of typeck.
r? lcnr
This is part of https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/143017.
Add a test showing `#![feature(default_field_values)]` using `#[const_trait] trait Default` (`#![feature(const_default)]` + `#![feature(const_trait_impl)]`).
Rollup of 11 pull requests
Successful merges:
- rust-lang/rust#143326 (Remove deprecated `Error::description` impl from `c_str::FromBytesWithNulError`)
- rust-lang/rust#143431 (Use relative visibility when noting sealed trait to reduce false positive)
- rust-lang/rust#143550 (resolve: Use interior mutability for extern module map)
- rust-lang/rust#143631 (update to literal-escaper-0.0.5)
- rust-lang/rust#143793 (Opaque type collection: Guard against endlessly recursing free alias types)
- rust-lang/rust#143880 (tests: Test line debuginfo for linebreaked function parameters)
- rust-lang/rust#143914 (Reword mismatched-lifetime-syntaxes text based on feedback)
- rust-lang/rust#143926 (Remove deprecated fields in bootstrap)
- rust-lang/rust#143955 (Make frame spans appear on a separate trace line)
- rust-lang/rust#143975 (type_id_eq: check that the hash fully matches the type)
- rust-lang/rust#143984 (Fix ice for feature-gated `cfg` attributes applied to the crate)
r? `@ghost`
`@rustbot` modify labels: rollup
Fix ice for feature-gated `cfg` attributes applied to the crate
This PR fixes two fixes:
1. When a feature gated option of the `cfg` attribute is applied to the crate, an ICE would occur because features are not yet available at that stage. This is fixed by ignoring the feature gate at that point, the attribute will later be re-checked (this was already done) when the feature gate is available. Fixes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/143977
2. Errors and lints on the `cfg` attribute applied to the crate would be produced twice, because of the re-checking. This is fixed by not producing any errors and lints during the first run.
The added regression test checks both problems.
r? ``@jdonszelmann``
type_id_eq: check that the hash fully matches the type
The previous logic wouldn't always detect when the hash mismatches the provenance. Fix that by adding a new helper, `read_type_id`, that reads a single type ID while fully checking it for validity and consistency.
r? ``@oli-obk``
Reword mismatched-lifetime-syntaxes text based on feedback
Key changes include:
- Removal of the word "syntax" from the lint message. More accurately, it could have been something like "syntax group" or "syntax category", but avoiding it completely is easier.
- The primary lint message now reflects exactly which mismatch is occurring, instead of trying to be general. A new `help` line is general across the mismatch kinds.
- Suggestions have been reduced to be more minimal, no longer also changing non-idiomatic but unrelated aspects.
- Suggestion text no longer mentions changes when those changes don't occur in that specific suggestion.
r? ``@jieyouxu``
Opaque type collection: Guard against endlessly recursing free alias types
See test description for technical details.
Fixes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/131994.
r? oli-obk (sry, your queue is large, so no rush & feel free to reassign)
Use relative visibility when noting sealed trait to reduce false positive
Fixesrust-lang/rust#143392
I used relative visibility instead of just determining if it's public or not.
r? compiler
Only inherit local hash for paths
`DefPathHash`, as the counterpart of `DefId` that is stable across compiler invocations, is comprised of 2 parts. The first one is the `StableCrateId`, stable form of `CrateNum`. The second is 64 complementary bits to identify the crate-local definition.
The current implementation always hashes the full 128 bits when (1) trying to create a new child `DefPathHash` or (2) hashing a `CrateNum` or a `LocalDefId`. But we only need half that information: `LocalDefId` means that the `StableCrateId` is always the current crate's ; `CrateNum` means that we do not care about the local part.
As stable hashing is very hot in the query system, in particular hashing definitions, this is a big deal.
We still want the local part to change when the `StableCrateId` changes, to make incr-compilation errors less painful, ie. increase the likelihood that if will magically disappear by changing some code.
This PR sprinkles some `#[inline]` attributes on small functions that appeared in profiles.
trait_sel: `MetaSized` always holds temporarily
As a temporary measure while a proper fix for `tests/ui/sized-hierarchy/incomplete-inference-issue-143992.rs` is implemented, make `MetaSized` obligations always hold. In effect, temporarily reverting the `sized_hierarchy` feature. This is a small change that can be backported.
cc rust-lang/rust#143992
r? ```@lcnr```
Dont collect assoc ty item bounds from trait where clause for host effect predicates
For background, we uplift `where Self::Assoc: Trait` bounds in a trait's where clauses into *item bounds* on `type Assoc;`. This is because before we *had* syntactical item bounds, users would express their item bounds like so.
Let's opt out of doing this same behavior for `HostEffect` predicates like `where Self::Assoc: [const] Trait`. I left a comment in the code:
```rust
// FIXME(const_trait_impl): We *could* uplift the
// `where Self::Assoc: [const] Trait` bounds from the parent trait
// here too, but we'd need to split `const_conditions` into two
// queries (like we do for `trait_explicit_predicates_and_bounds`)
// since we need to also filter the predicates *out* of the const
// conditions or they lead to cycles in the trait solver when
// utilizing these bounds. For now, let's do nothing.
```
As an aside, this was an ICE that was only triggerable when building libraries and not binaries because we never were calling `tcx.ensure_ok().explicit_implied_const_bounds(def_id);` on associated types like we should have been. I adjusted the calls to `ensure_ok` to make sure this happens, so we catch bugs like this in the future more easily.
As another aside, I fixed the bound uplifting logic for *always const* predicates, since those act like normal clauses and have no notion of conditional constness.
r? ```@oli-obk``` ```@fee1-dead``` or anyone really
Fixesrust-lang/rust#133275
Linting public reexport of private dependencies
Part of public/private dependencies rust-lang/rust#44663
Partially addresses rust-lang/rust#71043
I'm adding a warning for reexports of private dependencies into `rustc_resolve`. I get that this should not be a warning, but should instead be a lint to be controlled by the feature gate, but I did not figure out how exactly to do that at that point. I tried doing the same thing as is done in `rustc_privacy`, but the linting system is not ready yet as far as I understand the error I got, so I made a warning for now instead. Some guidance on how to emit lints with `dcx` would be appreciated.
This also sets the `std_detect` crate as a public dependency of `std` because some macros are reexported from there. I did not check closer, but the other option may be to allow the specific reexports instead.
Added error for invalid char cast
fixesrust-lang/rust#143597
not really sure if I did it right, but according to cast-char test -- it is right, also this code gave me false positive result
```
for _ in 0..(256 as u8) {}
```
so this is why I added this check `if lit_val <= 0xFF`
Also I believe that error message could be improved, but I'm not sure how exactly
cc ```@hkBst```
r? compiler
Implement unstable trait impl
This PR allows marking impls of stable trait with stable type as unstable.
## Approach
In std/core, an impl can be marked as unstable by annotating it with ``#[unstable_feature_bound(feat_name)]``. This will add a ``ClauseKind::Unstable_Feature(feat_name)`` to the list of predicates in ``predicates_of`` .
When an unstable impl's function is called, we will first iterate through all the goals in ``param_env`` to check if there is any ``ClauseKind::UnstableFeature(feat_name)`` in ``param_env``.
The existence of ``ClauseKind::Unstable_Feature(feat_name)`` in ``param_env`` means an``#[unstable_feature_bound(feat_name)]`` is present at the call site of the function, so we allow the check to succeed in this case.
If ``ClauseKind::UnstableFeature(feat_name)`` does not exist in ``param_env``, we will still allow the check to succeed for either of the cases below:
1. The feature is enabled through ``#[feature(feat_name)]`` outside of std / core.
2. We are in codegen because we may be monomorphizing a body from an upstream crate which had an unstable feature enabled that the downstream crate do not.
For the rest of the case, it will fail with ambiguity.
## Limitation
In this PR, we do not support:
1. using items that need ``#[unstable_feature_bound]`` within stable APIs
2. annotate main function with ``#[unstable_feature_bound]``
3. annotate ``#[unstable_feature_bound]`` on items other than free function and impl
## Acknowledgement
The design and mentoring are done by `@BoxyUwU`
