Implement the rotate_left and rotate_right operations using
llvm.fshl and llvm.fshr if they are available (LLVM >= 7).
Originally I wanted to expose the funnel_shift_left and
funnel_shift_right intrinsics and implement rotate_left and
rotate_right on top of them. However, emulation of funnel
shifts requires emitting a conditional to check for zero shift
amount, which is not necessary for rotates. I was uncomfortable
doing that here, as I don't want to rely on LLVM to optimize
away that conditional (and for variable rotates, I'm not sure it
can). We should revisit that question when we raise our minimum
version requirement to LLVM 7 and don't need emulation code
anymore.
If one doesn't view integers as containers of bytes, converting them to
bytes necessarily needs the specfication of encoding.
I think Rust is a language that wants to be explicit. The `to_bytes`
function is basically the opposite of that – it converts an integer into
the native byte representation, but there's no mention (in the function
name) of it being very much platform dependent. Therefore, I think it
would be better to replace that method by three methods, the explicit
`to_ne_bytes` ("native endian") which does the same thing and
`to_{le,be}_bytes` which return the little- resp. big-endian encoding.
Implement always-fallible TryFrom for usize/isize conversions that are infallible on some platforms
This reverts commit 837d6c7023 "Remove TryFrom impls that might become conditionally-infallible with a portability lint".
This fixes#49415 by adding (restoring) missing `TryFrom` impls for integer conversions to or from `usize` or `isize`, by making them always fallible at the type system level (that is, with `Error=TryFromIntError`) even though they happen to be infallible on some platforms (for some values of `size_of::<usize>()`).
They had been removed to allow the possibility to conditionally having some of them be infallible `From` impls instead, depending on the platforms, and have the [portability lint](https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/1868) warn when they are used in code that is not already opting into non-portability. For example `#[allow(some_lint)] usize::from(x: u64)` would be valid on code that only targets 64-bit platforms.
This PR gives up on this possiblity for two reasons:
* Based on discussion with @aturon, it seems that the portability lint is not happening any time soon. It’s better to have the conversions be available *at all* than keep blocking them for so long. Portability-lint-gated platform-specific APIs can always be added separately later.
* For code that is fine with fallibility, the alternative would force it to opt into "non-portability" even though there would be no real portability issue.
Closes#49137, the tracking issue for `NonZero*`,
as this was the last remaining open question.
Note that `ptr::NonNull<T>` already documents a similar guarantee.
