Avoid specialization in the metadata serialization code
With the exception of a perf-only specialization for byte slices and byte vectors.
This uses the same trick of introducing a new trait and having the Encodable and Decodable derives add a bound to it as used for TyEncoder/TyDecoder. The new code is clearer about which encoder/decoder uses which impl and it reduces the dependency of rustc on specialization, making it easier to remove support for specialization entirely or turn it into a construct that is only allowed for perf optimizations if we decide to do this.
Avoid a `source_span` query when encoding Spans into query results
This avoids a `source_span` query when encoding `Span`s into query results. It's not sound to execute queries here as the query caches can be locked and the dep graph is no longer writable.
r? `@cjgillot`
In #110927 the encode/decode methods for `i8`, `char`, `bool`, and `str`
were made inherent. This commit removes some unnecessary implementations
of these methods that were missed in that PR.
