Implements RFC 1845, adding implementations of:
* `From<&[T]>` for `Rc<[T]>`
* `From<&str>` for `Rc<str>`
* `From<String>` for `Rc<str>`
* `From<Box<T: ?Sized>>` for `Rc<T>`
* `From<Vec<T>>` for `Rc<[T]>`
* and likewise for `Arc<_>`
Also removes now-obsolete internal methods `Rc::__from_array` and
`Rc::__from_str`, replacing their use with `Rc::from`.
Add Vec::drain_filter
This implements the API proposed in #43244.
So I spent like half a day figuring out how to implement this in some awesome super-optimized unsafe way, which had me very confident this was worth putting into the stdlib.
Then I looked at the impl for `retain`, and was like "oh dang". I compared the two and they basically ended up being the same speed. And the `retain` impl probably translates to DoubleEndedIter a lot more cleanly if we ever want that.
So now I'm not totally confident this needs to go in the stdlib, but I've got two implementations and an amazingly robust test suite, so I figured I might as well toss it over the fence for discussion.
Add method `String::retain`
Behaves like `Vec::retain`, accepting a predicate `FnMut(char) -> bool`
and reducing the string to only characters for which the predicate
returns `true`.
Behaves like `Vec::retain`, accepting a predicate `FnMut(char) -> bool`
and reducing the string to only characters for which the predicate
returns `true`.
Optimize allocation paths in RawVec
Since the `Alloc` trait was introduced (https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/42313) and it was integrated everywhere (https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/42727) there's been some slowdowns and regressions that have slipped through. The intention of this PR is to try to tackle at least some of them, but they've been very difficult to quantify up to this point so it probably doesn't solve everything.
This PR primarily targets the `RawVec` type, specifically the `double` function. The codegen for this function is now much closer to what it was before #42313 landed as many runtime checks have been elided.
The `RawVec` type has a number of invariants that it upholds throughout its
execution, and as a result many of the runtime checks imposed by using `Layout`
in a "raw" fashion aren't actually necessary. For example a `RawVec`'s capacity
is intended to always match the layout which "fits" the allocation, so we don't
need any runtime checks when retrieving the current `Layout` for a vector.
Consequently, this adds a safe `current_layout` function which internally uses
the `from_size_align_unchecked` function.
Along the same lines we know that most construction of new layouts will not
overflow. All allocations in `RawVec` are kept below `isize::MAX` and valid
alignments are also kept low enough that we're guaranteed that `Layout` for a
doubled vector will never overflow and will always succeed construction.
Consequently a few locations can use `from_size_align_unchecked` in addition
when constructing the *new* layout to allocate (or reallocate), which allows for
eliding some more runtime checks.
Overall this should significant improve performance for an important function,
`RawVec::double`. This commit removes four runtime jumps before `__rust_realloc`
is called, as well as one after it's called.
None of these require a significant amount of code and using `#[inline]` will
allow constructors to get inlined, improving codegen at allocation callsites.
Provide more explanation for Deref in String docs
While working on a different project I encountered a point of confusion where using `&String` to dereference a `String` into `&str` did not compile. I found the explanation of [String Deref](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/string/struct.String.html#deref), thought that it matched what I was trying to do, and was confused as to why my program did not compile when the docs stated that it would work with 'any function which takes a `&str`'. At the bottom it is mentioned that this will 'generally' work, unless `String` is needed, but I found this statement confusing based on the previous claim of 'any'. Looking further into the docs I was able to find the function `as_str()` that works instead.
I thought it might be helpful to mention here deref coercion, an instance in which using `&String` does not work, to explain why it does not work, then direct users to a different option that should work in this instance. A user casually skimming the page will likely come to this explanation first, then find `as_str()` later, but be no the wiser as to what potentially went wrong.
r? @steveklabnik
Fixed mutable vars being marked used when they weren't
#### NB : bootstrapping is slow on my machine, even with `keep-stage` - fixes for occurances in the current codebase are <s>in the pipeline</s> done. This PR is being put up for review of the fix of the issue.
Fixes#43526, Fixes#30280, Fixes#25049
### Issue
Whenever the compiler detected a mutable deref being used mutably, it marked an associated value as being used mutably as well. In the case of derefencing local variables which were mutable references, this incorrectly marked the reference itself being used mutably, instead of its contents - with the consequence of making the following code emit no warnings
```
fn do_thing<T>(mut arg : &mut T) {
... // don't touch arg - just deref it to access the T
}
```
### Fix
Make dereferences not be counted as a mutable use, but only when they're on borrows on local variables.
#### Why not on things other than local variables?
* Whenever you capture a variable in a closure, it gets turned into a hidden reference - when you use it in the closure, it gets dereferenced. If the closure uses the variable mutably, that is actually a mutable use of the thing being dereffed to, so it has to be counted.
* If you deref a mutable `Box` to access the contents mutably, you are using the `Box` mutably - so it has to be counted.
Add precondition to `Layout` that the `align` fit in a u32.
Add precondition to `Layout` that the `align` not exceed 2^31.
This precondition takes the form of a behavorial change in `Layout::from_size_align` (so it returns `None` if the input `align` is too large) and a new requirement for safe usage of `Layout::from_size_align_unchecked`.
Fix#30170.
Stabilize more APIs for the 1.20.0 release
In addition to the few stabilizations that have already landed, this cleans up the remaining APIs that are in `final-comment-period` right now to be stable by the 1.20.0 release
