Move FatalError to syntax_pos

This is a bit unfortunate, but code needs to be able to fatally error
early on (in particular, syntax_pos after we move SourceMap there). It's
also a tiny bit of code, which means it's ultimately not that bad.

src/libsyntax_pos/fatal_error.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/// Used as a return value to signify a fatal error occurred. (It is also
+/// used as the argument to panic at the moment, but that will eventually
+/// not be true.)
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+#[must_use]
+pub struct FatalError;
+
+pub struct FatalErrorMarker;
+
+// Don't implement Send on FatalError. This makes it impossible to panic!(FatalError).
+// We don't want to invoke the panic handler and print a backtrace for fatal errors.
+impl !Send for FatalError {}
+
+impl FatalError {
+    pub fn raise(self) -> ! {
+        std::panic::resume_unwind(Box::new(FatalErrorMarker))
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for FatalError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "parser fatal error")
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::error::Error for FatalError {
+    fn description(&self) -> &str {
+        "The parser has encountered a fatal error"
+    }
+}