Auto merge of #134299 - RalfJung:remove-start, r=compiler-errors

remove support for the (unstable) #[start] attribute

As explained by `@Noratrieb:`
`#[start]` should be deleted. It's nothing but an accidentally leaked implementation detail that's a not very useful mix between "portable" entrypoint logic and bad abstraction.

I think the way the stable user-facing entrypoint should work (and works today on stable) is pretty simple:
- `std`-using cross-platform programs should use `fn main()`. the compiler, together with `std`, will then ensure that code ends up at `main` (by having a platform-specific entrypoint that gets directed through `lang_start` in `std` to `main` - but that's just an implementation detail)
- `no_std` platform-specific programs should use `#![no_main]` and define their own platform-specific entrypoint symbol with `#[no_mangle]`, like `main`, `_start`, `WinMain` or `my_embedded_platform_wants_to_start_here`. most of them only support a single platform anyways, and need cfg for the different platform's ways of passing arguments or other things *anyways*

`#[start]` is in a super weird position of being neither of those two. It tries to pretend that it's cross-platform, but its signature is  a total lie. Those arguments are just stubbed out to zero on ~~Windows~~ wasm, for example. It also only handles the platform-specific entrypoints for a few platforms that are supported by `std`, like Windows or Unix-likes. `my_embedded_platform_wants_to_start_here` can't use it, and neither could a libc-less Linux program.
So we have an attribute that only works in some cases anyways, that has a signature that's a total lie (and a signature that, as I might want to add, has changed recently, and that I definitely would not be comfortable giving *any* stability guarantees on), and where there's a pretty easy way to get things working without it in the first place.

Note that this feature has **not** been RFCed in the first place.

*This comment was posted [in May](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/29633#issuecomment-2088596042) and so far nobody spoke up in that issue with a usecase that would require keeping the attribute.*

Closes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/29633

try-job: x86_64-gnu-nopt
try-job: x86_64-msvc-1
try-job: x86_64-msvc-2
try-job: test-various

tests/ui/borrow_as_ptr_no_std.fixed

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 #![warn(clippy::borrow_as_ptr)]
-#![feature(lang_items, start, libc)]
 #![no_std]
+#![crate_type = "lib"]
 
 #[clippy::msrv = "1.75"]
-#[start]
-fn main(_argc: isize, _argv: *const *const u8) -> isize {
+pub fn main(_argc: isize, _argv: *const *const u8) -> isize {
     let val = 1;
     let _p = core::ptr::addr_of!(val);
 
@@ -12,11 +11,3 @@ fn main(_argc: isize, _argv: *const *const u8) -> isize {
     let _p_mut = core::ptr::addr_of_mut!(val_mut);
     0
 }
-
-#[panic_handler]
-fn panic(_info: &core::panic::PanicInfo) -> ! {
-    loop {}
-}
-
-#[lang = "eh_personality"]
-extern "C" fn eh_personality() {}

tests/ui/borrow_as_ptr_no_std.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 #![warn(clippy::borrow_as_ptr)]
-#![feature(lang_items, start, libc)]
 #![no_std]
+#![crate_type = "lib"]
 
 #[clippy::msrv = "1.75"]
-#[start]
-fn main(_argc: isize, _argv: *const *const u8) -> isize {
+pub fn main(_argc: isize, _argv: *const *const u8) -> isize {
     let val = 1;
     let _p = &val as *const i32;
 
@@ -12,11 +11,3 @@ fn main(_argc: isize, _argv: *const *const u8) -> isize {
     let _p_mut = &mut val_mut as *mut i32;
     0
 }
-
-#[panic_handler]
-fn panic(_info: &core::panic::PanicInfo) -> ! {
-    loop {}
-}
-
-#[lang = "eh_personality"]
-extern "C" fn eh_personality() {}

tests/ui/borrow_as_ptr_no_std.stderr

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 error: borrow as raw pointer
-  --> tests/ui/borrow_as_ptr_no_std.rs:9:14
+  --> tests/ui/borrow_as_ptr_no_std.rs:8:14
    |
 LL |     let _p = &val as *const i32;
    |              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ help: try: `core::ptr::addr_of!(val)`
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ LL |     let _p = &val as *const i32;
    = help: to override `-D warnings` add `#[allow(clippy::borrow_as_ptr)]`
 
 error: borrow as raw pointer
-  --> tests/ui/borrow_as_ptr_no_std.rs:12:18
+  --> tests/ui/borrow_as_ptr_no_std.rs:11:18
    |
 LL |     let _p_mut = &mut val_mut as *mut i32;
    |                  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ help: try: `core::ptr::addr_of_mut!(val_mut)`

tests/ui/box_default_no_std.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-#![feature(lang_items, start, libc)]
 #![warn(clippy::box_default)]
 #![no_std]
+#![crate_type = "lib"]
 
 pub struct NotBox<T> {
     _value: T,
@@ -18,16 +18,7 @@ impl<T: Default> Default for NotBox<T> {
     }
 }
 
-#[start]
-fn main(_argc: isize, _argv: *const *const u8) -> isize {
+pub fn main(_argc: isize, _argv: *const *const u8) -> isize {
     let _p = NotBox::new(isize::default());
     0
 }
-
-#[panic_handler]
-fn panic(_info: &core::panic::PanicInfo) -> ! {
-    loop {}
-}
-
-#[lang = "eh_personality"]
-extern "C" fn eh_personality() {}

tests/ui/crashes/ice-7410.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 //@compile-flags: -Clink-arg=-nostartfiles
 //@ignore-target: apple windows
 
-#![feature(lang_items, start, libc)]
+#![crate_type = "lib"]
 #![no_std]
 #![allow(clippy::if_same_then_else)]
 #![allow(clippy::redundant_pattern_matching)]
@@ -15,18 +15,9 @@ impl Drop for S {
     fn drop(&mut self) {}
 }
 
-#[start]
-fn main(argc: isize, argv: *const *const u8) -> isize {
+pub fn main(argc: isize, argv: *const *const u8) -> isize {
     if let Some(_) = Some(S) {
     } else {
     }
     0
 }
-
-#[panic_handler]
-fn panic(_info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
-    loop {}
-}
-
-#[lang = "eh_personality"]
-extern "C" fn eh_personality() {}

tests/ui/crate_level_checks/no_std_main_recursion.rs

@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-//@compile-flags: -Clink-arg=-nostartfiles
-//@ignore-target: apple
-
-#![feature(lang_items, start, libc)]
-#![no_std]
-
-use core::panic::PanicInfo;
-use core::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
-
-static N: AtomicUsize = AtomicUsize::new(0);
-
-#[warn(clippy::main_recursion)]
-#[start]
-fn main(_argc: isize, _argv: *const *const u8) -> isize {
-    let x = N.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
-    N.store(x + 1, Ordering::Relaxed);
-
-    if x < 3 {
-        main(_argc, _argv);
-    }
-
-    0
-}
-
-#[allow(clippy::empty_loop)]
-#[panic_handler]
-fn panic(_info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
-    loop {}
-}
-
-#[lang = "eh_personality"]
-extern "C" fn eh_personality() {}

tests/ui/crate_level_checks/no_std_swap.fixed

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 #![no_std]
-#![feature(lang_items, start, libc)]
 #![crate_type = "lib"]
 
 use core::panic::PanicInfo;
 
 #[warn(clippy::all)]
-fn main() {
+pub fn main() {
     let mut a = 42;
     let mut b = 1337;
 

tests/ui/crate_level_checks/no_std_swap.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 #![no_std]
-#![feature(lang_items, start, libc)]
 #![crate_type = "lib"]
 
 use core::panic::PanicInfo;
 
 #[warn(clippy::all)]
-fn main() {
+pub fn main() {
     let mut a = 42;
     let mut b = 1337;
 

tests/ui/crate_level_checks/no_std_swap.stderr

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 error: this looks like you are trying to swap `a` and `b`
-  --> tests/ui/crate_level_checks/no_std_swap.rs:12:5
+  --> tests/ui/crate_level_checks/no_std_swap.rs:11:5
    |
 LL | /     a = b;
 ...  |

tests/ui/def_id_nocore.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 //@ignore-target: apple
 
-#![feature(no_core, lang_items, start)]
+#![feature(no_core, lang_items)]
 #![no_core]
 #![allow(clippy::missing_safety_doc)]
 

tests/ui/empty_loop_no_std.rs

@@ -2,27 +2,11 @@
 //@ignore-target: apple
 
 #![warn(clippy::empty_loop)]
-#![feature(lang_items, start, libc)]
+#![crate_type = "lib"]
 #![no_std]
 
-use core::panic::PanicInfo;
-
-#[start]
-fn main(argc: isize, argv: *const *const u8) -> isize {
+pub fn main(argc: isize, argv: *const *const u8) -> isize {
     // This should trigger the lint
     loop {}
     //~^ ERROR: empty `loop {}` wastes CPU cycles
 }
-
-#[panic_handler]
-fn panic(_info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
-    // This should NOT trigger the lint
-    loop {}
-}
-
-#[lang = "eh_personality"]
-extern "C" fn eh_personality() {
-    // This should also trigger the lint
-    loop {}
-    //~^ ERROR: empty `loop {}` wastes CPU cycles
-}

tests/ui/empty_loop_no_std.stderr

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 error: empty `loop {}` wastes CPU cycles
-  --> tests/ui/empty_loop_no_std.rs:13:5
+  --> tests/ui/empty_loop_no_std.rs:10:5
    |
 LL |     loop {}
    |     ^^^^^^^
@@ -8,13 +8,5 @@ LL |     loop {}
    = note: `-D clippy::empty-loop` implied by `-D warnings`
    = help: to override `-D warnings` add `#[allow(clippy::empty_loop)]`
 
-error: empty `loop {}` wastes CPU cycles
-  --> tests/ui/empty_loop_no_std.rs:26:5
-   |
-LL |     loop {}
-   |     ^^^^^^^
-   |
-   = help: you should either use `panic!()` or add a call pausing or sleeping the thread to the loop body
-
-error: aborting due to 2 previous errors
+error: aborting due to 1 previous error
 

tests/ui/floating_point_arithmetic_nostd.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#![feature(lang_items, start)]
+#![crate_type = "lib"]
 #![warn(clippy::imprecise_flops)]
 #![warn(clippy::suboptimal_flops)]
 #![no_std]
@@ -17,15 +17,6 @@ fn fake_abs1(num: f64) -> f64 {
     if num >= 0.0 { num } else { -num }
 }
 
-#[start]
-fn main(_argc: isize, _argv: *const *const u8) -> isize {
+pub fn main(_argc: isize, _argv: *const *const u8) -> isize {
     0
 }
-
-#[panic_handler]
-fn panic(_info: &core::panic::PanicInfo) -> ! {
-    loop {}
-}
-
-#[lang = "eh_personality"]
-extern "C" fn eh_personality() {}

tests/ui/missing_const_for_fn/cant_be_const.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 //@aux-build:../auxiliary/proc_macros.rs
 
 #![warn(clippy::missing_const_for_fn)]
-#![feature(start)]
 #![feature(type_alias_impl_trait)]
 
 extern crate helper;
@@ -71,15 +70,6 @@ mod with_test_fn {
     }
 }
 
-// Allowing on this function, because it would lint, which we don't want in this case.
-// if we have `#[start]` and `#[test]` check `is_entrypoint_fn(cx, def_id.to_def_id())` is stopped
-// working
-#[allow(clippy::missing_const_for_fn)]
-#[start]
-fn init(num: isize, something: *const *const u8) -> isize {
-    1
-}
-
 trait Foo {
     // This should not be suggested to be made const
     // (rustc doesn't allow const trait methods)

tests/ui/missing_spin_loop_no_std.fixed

@@ -1,22 +1,13 @@
 #![warn(clippy::missing_spin_loop)]
-#![feature(lang_items, start, libc)]
+#![crate_type = "lib"]
 #![no_std]
 
 use core::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
 
-#[start]
-fn main(_argc: isize, _argv: *const *const u8) -> isize {
+pub fn main(_argc: isize, _argv: *const *const u8) -> isize {
     // This should trigger the lint
     let b = AtomicBool::new(true);
     // This should lint with `core::hint::spin_loop()`
     while b.load(Ordering::Acquire) { core::hint::spin_loop() }
     0
 }
-
-#[panic_handler]
-fn panic(_info: &core::panic::PanicInfo) -> ! {
-    loop {}
-}
-
-#[lang = "eh_personality"]
-extern "C" fn eh_personality() {}

tests/ui/missing_spin_loop_no_std.rs

@@ -1,22 +1,13 @@
 #![warn(clippy::missing_spin_loop)]
-#![feature(lang_items, start, libc)]
+#![crate_type = "lib"]
 #![no_std]
 
 use core::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
 
-#[start]
-fn main(_argc: isize, _argv: *const *const u8) -> isize {
+pub fn main(_argc: isize, _argv: *const *const u8) -> isize {
     // This should trigger the lint
     let b = AtomicBool::new(true);
     // This should lint with `core::hint::spin_loop()`
     while b.load(Ordering::Acquire) {}
     0
 }
-
-#[panic_handler]
-fn panic(_info: &core::panic::PanicInfo) -> ! {
-    loop {}
-}
-
-#[lang = "eh_personality"]
-extern "C" fn eh_personality() {}

tests/ui/missing_spin_loop_no_std.stderr

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 error: busy-waiting loop should at least have a spin loop hint
-  --> tests/ui/missing_spin_loop_no_std.rs:12:37
+  --> tests/ui/missing_spin_loop_no_std.rs:11:37
    |
 LL |     while b.load(Ordering::Acquire) {}
    |                                     ^^ help: try: `{ core::hint::spin_loop() }`

tests/ui/result_unit_error_no_std.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-#![feature(lang_items, start, libc)]
+#![feature(lang_items, libc)]
 #![no_std]
+#![no_main]
 #![warn(clippy::result_unit_err)]
 
 #[clippy::msrv = "1.80"]
@@ -12,8 +13,8 @@ pub fn returns_unit_error_lint() -> Result<u32, ()> {
     Err(())
 }
 
-#[start]
-fn main(_argc: isize, _argv: *const *const u8) -> isize {
+#[no_mangle]
+extern "C" fn main(_argc: core::ffi::c_int, _argv: *const *const u8) -> core::ffi::c_int {
     0
 }
 

tests/ui/result_unit_error_no_std.stderr

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 error: this returns a `Result<_, ()>`
-  --> tests/ui/result_unit_error_no_std.rs:11:1
+  --> tests/ui/result_unit_error_no_std.rs:12:1
    |
 LL | pub fn returns_unit_error_lint() -> Result<u32, ()> {
    | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

tests/ui/zero_ptr_no_std.fixed

@@ -1,19 +1,10 @@
-#![feature(lang_items, start, libc)]
+#![crate_type = "lib"]
 #![no_std]
 #![deny(clippy::zero_ptr)]
 
-#[start]
-fn main(_argc: isize, _argv: *const *const u8) -> isize {
+pub fn main(_argc: isize, _argv: *const *const u8) -> isize {
     let _ = core::ptr::null::<usize>();
     let _ = core::ptr::null_mut::<f64>();
     let _: *const u8 = core::ptr::null();
     0
 }
-
-#[panic_handler]
-fn panic(_info: &core::panic::PanicInfo) -> ! {
-    loop {}
-}
-
-#[lang = "eh_personality"]
-extern "C" fn eh_personality() {}

tests/ui/zero_ptr_no_std.rs

@@ -1,19 +1,10 @@
-#![feature(lang_items, start, libc)]
+#![crate_type = "lib"]
 #![no_std]
 #![deny(clippy::zero_ptr)]
 
-#[start]
-fn main(_argc: isize, _argv: *const *const u8) -> isize {
+pub fn main(_argc: isize, _argv: *const *const u8) -> isize {
     let _ = 0 as *const usize;
     let _ = 0 as *mut f64;
     let _: *const u8 = 0 as *const _;
     0
 }
-
-#[panic_handler]
-fn panic(_info: &core::panic::PanicInfo) -> ! {
-    loop {}
-}
-
-#[lang = "eh_personality"]
-extern "C" fn eh_personality() {}

tests/ui/zero_ptr_no_std.stderr

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 error: `0 as *const _` detected
-  --> tests/ui/zero_ptr_no_std.rs:7:13
+  --> tests/ui/zero_ptr_no_std.rs:6:13
    |
 LL |     let _ = 0 as *const usize;
    |             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ help: try: `core::ptr::null::<usize>()`
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ LL | #![deny(clippy::zero_ptr)]
    |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 error: `0 as *mut _` detected
-  --> tests/ui/zero_ptr_no_std.rs:8:13
+  --> tests/ui/zero_ptr_no_std.rs:7:13
    |
 LL |     let _ = 0 as *mut f64;
    |             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ help: try: `core::ptr::null_mut::<f64>()`
 
 error: `0 as *const _` detected
-  --> tests/ui/zero_ptr_no_std.rs:9:24
+  --> tests/ui/zero_ptr_no_std.rs:8:24
    |
 LL |     let _: *const u8 = 0 as *const _;
    |                        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ help: try: `core::ptr::null()`