Break up long function in trait selection error reporting

- Move blocks of code into their own functions
- Replace a few function argument types with their type aliases

compiler/rustc_infer/src/traits/mod.rs

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ pub struct FulfillmentError<'tcx> {
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub enum FulfillmentErrorCode<'tcx> {
     /// Inherently impossible to fulfill; this trait is implemented if and only if it is already implemented.
-    CodeCycle(Vec<Obligation<'tcx, ty::Predicate<'tcx>>>),
+    CodeCycle(Vec<PredicateObligation<'tcx>>),
     CodeSelectionError(SelectionError<'tcx>),
     CodeProjectionError(MismatchedProjectionTypes<'tcx>),
     CodeSubtypeError(ExpectedFound<Ty<'tcx>>, TypeError<'tcx>), // always comes from a SubtypePredicate