Rollup merge of #118157 - Nadrieril:never_pat-feature-gate, r=compiler-errors

Add `never_patterns` feature gate

This PR adds the feature gate and most basic parsing for the experimental `never_patterns` feature. See the tracking issue (https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/118155) for details on the experiment.

`@scottmcm` has agreed to be my lang-team liaison for this experiment.

compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/pat.rs

@@ -368,8 +368,12 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             self.recover_dotdotdot_rest_pat(lo)
         } else if let Some(form) = self.parse_range_end() {
             self.parse_pat_range_to(form)? // `..=X`, `...X`, or `..X`.
+        } else if self.eat(&token::Not) {
+            // Parse `!`
+            self.sess.gated_spans.gate(sym::never_patterns, self.prev_token.span);
+            PatKind::Never
         } else if self.eat_keyword(kw::Underscore) {
-            // Parse _
+            // Parse `_`
             PatKind::Wild
         } else if self.eat_keyword(kw::Mut) {
             self.parse_pat_ident_mut(syntax_loc)?