Rollup merge of #118157 - Nadrieril:never_pat-feature-gate, r=compiler-errors

Add `never_patterns` feature gate

This PR adds the feature gate and most basic parsing for the experimental `never_patterns` feature. See the tracking issue (https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/118155) for details on the experiment.

`@scottmcm` has agreed to be my lang-team liaison for this experiment.

compiler/rustc_ast_lowering/src/pat.rs

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ impl<'a, 'hir> LoweringContext<'a, 'hir> {
             let node = loop {
                 match &pattern.kind {
                     PatKind::Wild => break hir::PatKind::Wild,
+                    PatKind::Never => break hir::PatKind::Never,
                     PatKind::Ident(binding_mode, ident, sub) => {
                         let lower_sub = |this: &mut Self| sub.as_ref().map(|s| this.lower_pat(s));
                         break self.lower_pat_ident(pattern, *binding_mode, *ident, lower_sub);