Specify rust lints for compiler/ crates via Cargo.

By naming them in `[workspace.lints.rust]` in the top-level
`Cargo.toml`, and then making all `compiler/` crates inherit them with
`[lints] workspace = true`. (I omitted `rustc_codegen_{cranelift,gcc}`,
because they're a bit different.)

The advantages of this over the current approach:
- It uses a standard Cargo feature, rather than special handling in
  bootstrap. So, easier to understand, and less likely to get
  accidentally broken in the future.
- It works for proc macro crates.

It's a shame it doesn't work for rustc-specific lints, as the comments
explain.

compiler/rustc_parse_format/Cargo.toml

@@ -8,3 +8,6 @@ edition = "2024"
 rustc_index = { path = "../rustc_index", default-features = false }
 rustc_lexer = { path = "../rustc_lexer" }
 # tidy-alphabetical-end
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true