Make os::getcwd() return IoResult<Path>

os::getcwd() panics if the current directory is not available. According
to getcwd(3), there are three cases:

- EACCES: Permission denied.
- ENOENT: The current working directory has been removed.
- ERANGE: The buffer size is less than the actual absolute path.

This commit makes os::getcwd() return IoResult<Path>, not just Path,
preventing it from panicking.

As os::make_absolute() depends on os::getcwd(), it is also modified to
return IoResult<Path>.

Fixes #16946.

[breaking-change]

src/libstd/io/process.rs

@@ -974,7 +974,7 @@ mod tests {
         let prog = pwd_cmd().spawn().unwrap();
 
         let output = String::from_utf8(prog.wait_with_output().unwrap().output).unwrap();
-        let parent_dir = os::getcwd();
+        let parent_dir = os::getcwd().unwrap();
         let child_dir = Path::new(output.as_slice().trim());
 
         let parent_stat = parent_dir.stat().unwrap();
@@ -989,7 +989,7 @@ mod tests {
         use os;
         // test changing to the parent of os::getcwd() because we know
         // the path exists (and os::getcwd() is not expected to be root)
-        let parent_dir = os::getcwd().dir_path();
+        let parent_dir = os::getcwd().unwrap().dir_path();
         let prog = pwd_cmd().cwd(&parent_dir).spawn().unwrap();
 
         let output = String::from_utf8(prog.wait_with_output().unwrap().output).unwrap();