Implement the internal feature cfg_target_has_reliable_f16_f128

Support for `f16` and `f128` is varied across targets, backends, and
backend versions. Eventually we would like to reach a point where all
backends support these approximately equally, but until then we have to
work around some of these nuances of support being observable.

Introduce the `cfg_target_has_reliable_f16_f128` internal feature, which
provides the following new configuration gates:

* `cfg(target_has_reliable_f16)`
* `cfg(target_has_reliable_f16_math)`
* `cfg(target_has_reliable_f128)`
* `cfg(target_has_reliable_f128_math)`

`reliable_f16` and `reliable_f128` indicate that basic arithmetic for
the type works correctly. The `_math` versions indicate that anything
relying on `libm` works correctly, since sometimes this hits a separate
class of codegen bugs.

These options match configuration set by the build script at [1]. The
logic for LLVM support is duplicated as-is from the same script. There
are a few possible updates that will come as a follow up.

The config introduced here is not planned to ever become stable, it is
only intended to replace the build scripts for `std` tests and
`compiler-builtins` that don't have any way to configure based on the
codegen backend.

MCP: https://github.com/rust-lang/compiler-team/issues/866
Closes: https://github.com/rust-lang/compiler-team/issues/866

[1]: 555e1d0386/library/std/build.rs (L84-L186)

compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs

@@ -623,6 +623,7 @@ symbols! {
         cfg_target_feature,
         cfg_target_has_atomic,
         cfg_target_has_atomic_equal_alignment,
+        cfg_target_has_reliable_f16_f128,
         cfg_target_thread_local,
         cfg_target_vendor,
         cfg_trace: "<cfg>", // must not be a valid identifier
@@ -2073,6 +2074,10 @@ symbols! {
         target_has_atomic,
         target_has_atomic_equal_alignment,
         target_has_atomic_load_store,
+        target_has_reliable_f128,
+        target_has_reliable_f128_math,
+        target_has_reliable_f16,
+        target_has_reliable_f16_math,
         target_os,
         target_pointer_width,
         target_thread_local,