Rollup merge of #136180 - lukas-code:typed-valtree, r=oli-obk

Introduce a wrapper for "typed valtrees" and properly check the type before extracting the value

This PR adds a new wrapper type `ty::Value` to replace the tuple `(Ty, ty::ValTree)` and become the new canonical representation of type-level constant values.

The value extraction methods `try_to_bits`/`try_to_bool`/`try_to_target_usize` are moved to this new type. For `try_to_bits` in particular, this avoids some redundant matches on `ty::ConstKind::Value`. Furthermore, these methods and will now properly check the type before extracting the value, which fixes some ICEs.

The name `ty::Value` was chosen to be consistent with `ty::Expr`.

Commit 1 should be non-functional and commit 2 adds the type check.

---

fixes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/131102
supercedes https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/136130

r? `@oli-obk`
cc `@FedericoBruzzone` `@BoxyUwU`

compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/intrinsic.rs

@@ -1329,7 +1329,7 @@ fn generic_simd_intrinsic<'ll, 'tcx>(
     }
 
     if name == sym::simd_shuffle_generic {
-        let idx = fn_args[2].expect_const().try_to_valtree().unwrap().0.unwrap_branch();
+        let idx = fn_args[2].expect_const().to_value().valtree.unwrap_branch();
         let n = idx.len() as u64;
 
         let (out_len, out_ty) = require_simd!(ret_ty, SimdReturn);