first pass at default values for const generics

- Adds optional default values to const generic parameters in the AST
  and HIR
- Parses these optional default values
- Adds a `const_generics_defaults` feature gate

compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/generics.rs

@@ -56,12 +56,15 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         self.expect(&token::Colon)?;
         let ty = self.parse_ty()?;
 
+        // Parse optional const generics default value.
+        let default = if self.eat(&token::Eq) { Some(self.parse_const_arg()?) } else { None };
+
         Ok(GenericParam {
             ident,
             id: ast::DUMMY_NODE_ID,
             attrs: preceding_attrs.into(),
             bounds: Vec::new(),
-            kind: GenericParamKind::Const { ty, kw_span: const_span },
+            kind: GenericParamKind::Const { ty, kw_span: const_span, default },
             is_placeholder: false,
         })
     }