Stop using String for error codes.

Error codes are integers, but `String` is used everywhere to represent
them. Gross!

This commit introduces `ErrCode`, an integral newtype for error codes,
replacing `String`. It also introduces a constant for every error code,
e.g. `E0123`, and removes the `error_code!` macro. The constants are
imported wherever used with `use rustc_errors::codes::*`.

With the old code, we have three different ways to specify an error code
at a use point:
```
error_code!(E0123)  // macro call

struct_span_code_err!(dcx, span, E0123, "msg");  // bare ident arg to macro call

\#[diag(name, code = "E0123")]  // string
struct Diag;
```

With the new code, they all use the `E0123` constant.
```
E0123  // constant

struct_span_code_err!(dcx, span, E0123, "msg");  // constant

\#[diag(name, code = E0123)]  // constant
struct Diag;
```

The commit also changes the structure of the error code definitions:
- `rustc_error_codes` now just defines a higher-order macro listing the
  used error codes and nothing else.
- Because that's now the only thing in the `rustc_error_codes` crate, I
  moved it into the `lib.rs` file and removed the `error_codes.rs` file.
- `rustc_errors` uses that macro to define everything, e.g. the error
  code constants and the `DIAGNOSTIC_TABLES`. This is in its new
  `codes.rs` file.

compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/check.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use super::compare_impl_item::check_type_bounds;
 use super::compare_impl_item::{compare_impl_method, compare_impl_ty};
 use super::*;
 use rustc_attr as attr;
-use rustc_errors::{ErrorGuaranteed, MultiSpan};
+use rustc_errors::{codes::*, ErrorGuaranteed, MultiSpan};
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def::{CtorKind, DefKind};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, LocalDefId};

compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/compare_impl_item.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use super::potentially_plural_count;
 use crate::errors::LifetimesOrBoundsMismatchOnTrait;
 use hir::def_id::{DefId, DefIdMap, LocalDefId};
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet, FxIndexSet};
-use rustc_errors::{pluralize, struct_span_code_err, Applicability, ErrorGuaranteed};
+use rustc_errors::{codes::*, pluralize, struct_span_code_err, Applicability, ErrorGuaranteed};
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def::{DefKind, Res};
 use rustc_hir::intravisit;
@@ -1382,7 +1382,7 @@ fn compare_number_of_generics<'tcx>(
                     kind = kind,
                 ),
             );
-            err.code("E0049".into());
+            err.code(E0049);
 
             let msg =
                 format!("expected {trait_count} {kind} parameter{}", pluralize!(trait_count),);

compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/dropck.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 //
 // We don't do any drop checking during hir typeck.
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet;
-use rustc_errors::{struct_span_code_err, ErrorGuaranteed};
+use rustc_errors::{codes::*, struct_span_code_err, ErrorGuaranteed};
 use rustc_infer::infer::outlives::env::OutlivesEnvironment;
 use rustc_infer::infer::{RegionResolutionError, TyCtxtInferExt};
 use rustc_middle::ty::util::CheckRegions;

compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/intrinsic.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use crate::errors::{
 };
 
 use hir::def_id::DefId;
-use rustc_errors::{struct_span_code_err, DiagnosticMessage};
+use rustc_errors::{codes::*, struct_span_code_err, DiagnosticMessage};
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_middle::traits::{ObligationCause, ObligationCauseCode};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt};

compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/check/wfcheck.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use crate::constrained_generic_params::{identify_constrained_generic_params, Par
 use rustc_ast as ast;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet, FxIndexSet};
 use rustc_errors::{
-    pluralize, struct_span_code_err, Applicability, DiagnosticBuilder, ErrorGuaranteed,
+    codes::*, pluralize, struct_span_code_err, Applicability, DiagnosticBuilder, ErrorGuaranteed,
 };
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, LocalDefId, LocalModDefId};