Create stable metric to measure long computation in Const Eval

This patch adds a `MirPass` that tracks the number of back-edges and
function calls in the CFG, adds a new MIR instruction to increment a
counter every time they are encountered during Const Eval, and emit a
warning if a configured limit is breached.

compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/separate_const_switch.rs

@@ -250,6 +250,7 @@ fn is_likely_const<'tcx>(mut tracked_place: Place<'tcx>, block: &BasicBlockData<
             | StatementKind::Coverage(_)
             | StatementKind::StorageDead(_)
             | StatementKind::Intrinsic(_)
+            | StatementKind::ConstEvalCounter
             | StatementKind::Nop => {}
         }
     }
@@ -318,6 +319,7 @@ fn find_determining_place<'tcx>(
             | StatementKind::AscribeUserType(_, _)
             | StatementKind::Coverage(_)
             | StatementKind::Intrinsic(_)
+            | StatementKind::ConstEvalCounter
             | StatementKind::Nop => {}
 
             // If the discriminant is set, it is always set