Create stable metric to measure long computation in Const Eval

This patch adds a `MirPass` that tracks the number of back-edges and
function calls in the CFG, adds a new MIR instruction to increment a
counter every time they are encountered during Const Eval, and emit a
warning if a configured limit is breached.

compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/transform/check_consts/check.rs

@@ -693,6 +693,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for Checker<'_, 'tcx> {
             | StatementKind::AscribeUserType(..)
             | StatementKind::Coverage(..)
             | StatementKind::Intrinsic(..)
+            | StatementKind::ConstEvalCounter
             | StatementKind::Nop => {}
         }
     }

compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/transform/validate.rs

@@ -766,6 +766,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for TypeChecker<'a, 'tcx> {
             StatementKind::StorageLive(..)
             | StatementKind::StorageDead(..)
             | StatementKind::Coverage(_)
+            | StatementKind::ConstEvalCounter
             | StatementKind::Nop => {}
         }