Auto merge of #119911 - NCGThompson:is-statically-known, r=oli-obk

Replacement of #114390: Add new intrinsic `is_var_statically_known` and optimize pow for powers of two

This adds a new intrinsic `is_val_statically_known` that lowers to [``@llvm.is.constant.*`](https://llvm.org/docs/LangRef.html#llvm-is-constant-intrinsic).` It also applies the intrinsic in the int_pow methods to recognize and optimize the idiom `2isize.pow(x)`. See #114390 for more discussion.

While I have extended the scope of the power of two optimization from #114390, I haven't added any new uses for the intrinsic. That can be done in later pull requests.

Note: When testing or using the library, be sure to use `--stage 1` or higher. Otherwise, the intrinsic will be a noop and the doctests will be skipped. If you are trying out edits, you may be interested in [`--keep-stage 0`](https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/building/suggested.html#faster-builds-with---keep-stage).

Fixes #47234
Resolves #114390
`@Centri3`

library/core/src/lib.rs

@@ -200,6 +200,7 @@
 //
 // Language features:
 // tidy-alphabetical-start
+#![cfg_attr(not(bootstrap), feature(is_val_statically_known))]
 #![feature(abi_unadjusted)]
 #![feature(adt_const_params)]
 #![feature(allow_internal_unsafe)]