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<h2 class="wrapper title">使用 Python 生成《红楼梦》词云</h2>
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<span>Author：</span><span>flypython</span> | <span>Date: </span><span>2019-03-01</span> | <span>Category：</span><span><a href="/fly/自然语言处理/" title="自然语言处理">自然语言处理</a></span>
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<p>使用 Python 生成《红楼梦》词云</p>
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<p><img src="http://jcjview.github.io/img/1210058744_15500375990201n.jpg" alt></p>
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<p>本文介绍如何使用python绘制《红楼梦》的词云。</p>
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<blockquote>
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<p>“词云”就是对网络文本中出现频率较高的“关键词”予以视觉上的突出，形成“关键词云层”或“关键词渲染”，从而过滤掉大量的文本信息，使浏览网页者只要一眼扫过文本就可以领略文本的主旨。<br><a href="http://media.people.com.cn/GB/22100/61748/61749/4281906.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">“词云”——网络内容发布新招式 ．人民网</a></p>
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</blockquote>
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<h2 id="0-摘要"><a href="#0-摘要" class="headerlink" title="0.摘要"></a>0.摘要</h2><p><strong>本文建议在电脑上打开，边阅读边操作。</strong></p>
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<ol>
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<li>安装python词云工具wordcloud，画图软件matplotlib</li>
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<li>准备红楼梦文本</li>
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<li>编写python代码并运行</li>
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<li>展示词云结果</li>
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</ol>
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<h2 id="1-安装wordcloud"><a href="#1-安装wordcloud" class="headerlink" title="1.安装wordcloud"></a>1.安装wordcloud</h2><p>可以在cmd窗口输入<figure class="highlight plain"><figcaption><span>install wordcloud matplotlib```</span></figcaption><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">## 2.准备红楼梦文本</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">文本可以用下面链接下载</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">`https://github.com/flypythoncom/flypython/blob/master/wordcloud_hlm_seg.txt`</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">或者可以自己写代码，对文本进行清洗，分词。</span><br><span class="line">这里需要安装jieba分词，`pip install jieba`</span><br><span class="line">``` python</span><br><span class="line">import jieba</span><br><span class="line">import re</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">special_character_removal = re.compile(r'[，。、【 】“”：；（）《》‘’{}？！⑦%>℃.^-——=&#@￥『』]', re.IGNORECASE)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">fw=open("hlm_seg.txt","w",encoding="utf-8")</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">with open('hlm.txt',encoding="utf-8") as fp:</span><br><span class="line"> for line in fp:</span><br><span class="line"> l = special_character_removal.sub('', line.strip())</span><br><span class="line"> words=jieba.cut(l)</span><br><span class="line"> t=" ".join(words)</span><br><span class="line"> fw.write(t)</span><br><span class="line"> fw.write("\n")</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">fw.close()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
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<h2 id="3-编写词云python代码并运行"><a href="#3-编写词云python代码并运行" class="headerlink" title="3. 编写词云python代码并运行"></a>3. 编写词云python代码并运行</h2><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> os <span class="keyword">import</span> path </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> wordcloud <span class="keyword">import</span> WordCloud</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">d = path.dirname(__file__) </span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># Read the whole text. </span></span><br><span class="line">text = open(path.join(d, <span class="string">'hlm_seg.txt'</span>),encoding=<span class="string">"utf-8"</span>).read() </span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># Generate a word cloud image </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># font=path.join(d, "simkai.ttf") </span></span><br><span class="line">font=<span class="string">'C:/Windows/Fonts/simkai.ttf'</span> </span><br><span class="line">wordcloud = WordCloud(font_path=font,<span class="comment">#设置中文字体，不指定就会出现中文不显示 </span></span><br><span class="line"> width=<span class="number">1024</span>,<span class="comment">#宽 </span></span><br><span class="line"> height=<span class="number">840</span>,<span class="comment">#高 </span></span><br><span class="line"> background_color=<span class="string">'white'</span>,<span class="comment">#设置背景色 </span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># max_words=100,#最大词汇数 </span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># max_font_size=100#最大号字体 </span></span><br><span class="line"> ).generate(text) </span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># Display the generated image: </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># the matplotlib way: </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> matplotlib.pyplot <span class="keyword">as</span> plt </span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">plt.figure() </span><br><span class="line">plt.imshow(wordcloud) </span><br><span class="line">plt.axis(<span class="string">"off"</span>) </span><br><span class="line">plt.show()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<p>结果：</p>
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<p><img src="http://jcjview.github.io/img/Figure_1.png" alt="词云运行结果"></p>
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<p>后台回复“词云”获得完整运行代码</p>
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<p><em>人生苦短，我用python早下班。如果觉得不错，对你工作中有帮助，请加我微信公众号flypython，我们一起探讨python相关问题</em></p>
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