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<h2 class="wrapper title">Python批量转换任意文档格式</h2>
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<span>Author：</span><span>flypython</span> | <span>Date: </span><span>2019-01-03</span> | <span>Category：</span><span><a href="/fly/自动化办公/" title="自动化办公">自动化办公</a></span>
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<p>在工作中，常常会遇到文档格式的转换。如果数据不多，手工转换就可以。如果是大量文档，那我们应该怎么办呢？</p>
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<p>今天我们将使用Python来批量处理文档转换的问题.</p>
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<h4 id="关于unoconv"><a href="#关于unoconv" class="headerlink" title="关于unoconv"></a>关于unoconv</h4><p>unoconv是一款跨平台的工具，用于格式转换，支持命令行。底层实现是依赖于开源的LibreOffice/OpenOffice。</p>
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<p>项目地址：<a href="https://github.com/unoconv/unoconv" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/unoconv/unoconv</a></p>
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<p>文档地址： <a href="http://dag.wiee.rs/home-made/unoconv/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://dag.wiee.rs/home-made/unoconv/</a></p>
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<p>根据unoconv的文档介绍，支持上百种文档格式的转换，已经覆盖了绝大部分的需求。</p>
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<h4 id="使用unoconv"><a href="#使用unoconv" class="headerlink" title="使用unoconv"></a>使用unoconv</h4><p>安装unoconv比较繁琐，而且需要针对中文进行进一步的字符集配置。我们可以选择别人已经集成好的服务来进行操作，在这里我们选择了docker-unoconv-webservice项目。</p>
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<p>项目地址为： <a href="https://github.com/zrrrzzt/docker-unoconv-webservice" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/zrrrzzt/docker-unoconv-webservice</a></p>
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<p>查看项目的README，接口如下: </p>
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<p><code>curl --form file=@myfile.docx http://localhost/unoconv/pdf > myfile.pdf</code></p>
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<p>我们使用下列命令，先把项目的镜像pull下来</p>
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<p><code>docker pull zrrrzzt/docker-unoconv-webservice</code></p>
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<p>然后启动命令如下：</p>
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<p><code>docker run -d -p 80:3000 zrrrzzt/docker-unoconv-webservice</code></p>
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<p>服务在80端口上提供服务，如果80端口被占用，可以调整为其他的端口</p>
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<p>确认服务正在运行：</p>
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<p><code>docker ps | grep zrrrzzt/docker-unoconv-webservice</code></p>
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<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[flypython] docker ps | grep zrrrzzt/docker-unoconv-webservice </span><br><span class="line">c014cf335b31 zrrrzzt/docker-unoconv-webservice "/bin/sh -c '/usr/bi…" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->3000/tcp brave_blackburn</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<p>从docx转换为pdf：</p>
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<p><code>curl --form file=@demo.docx http://localhost/unoconv/pdf > demo.pdf</code> </p>
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<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[flypython] curl --form file=@demo.docx http://localhost/unoconv/pdf > demo.pdf </span><br><span class="line"> % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current</span><br><span class="line"> Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed</span><br><span class="line">100 12089 100 4242 100 7847 2532 4684 0:00:01 0:00:01 --:--:-- 7213</span><br><span class="line">[flypython] ls demo* </span><br><span class="line">demo.docx demo.pdf</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<h4 id="使用Python批量请求"><a href="#使用Python批量请求" class="headerlink" title="使用Python批量请求"></a>使用Python批量请求</h4><p>Python批量请求的思路是，把需要转换的文档发送到服务器，服务器会返回转换后的格式，我们保存为文件就可以了。</p>
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<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">def post_file(url,path):</span><br><span class="line"> filename = os.path.basename(path)</span><br><span class="line"> convert_name = str(filename).split('.')[0] + '.pdf'</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> m = MultipartEncoder(</span><br><span class="line"> fields= {</span><br><span class="line"> 'file':(filename,open(path,'rb')),</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> )</span><br><span class="line"> response = requests.request('POST', url, data=m, headers={'Content-Type':m.content_type})</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> with open(convert_name, 'wb') as f:</span><br><span class="line"> f.write(response.content)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> return convert_name</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<p>好了，更多类型转换，更完整的应用需要你根据业务来完善，这次的介绍就到这里了。demo完整代码在github上，点击原文可以获取。</p>
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<p><a href="https://github.com/flypythoncom/flypython/blob/master/convert.py" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/flypythoncom/flypython/blob/master/convert.py</a></p>
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