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<span>Author：</span><span>flypython</span> | <span>Date: </span><span>2019-01-02</span> | <span>Category：</span><span><a href="/fly/自动化办公/" title="自动化办公">自动化办公</a></span>
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<blockquote>
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<p>【极简Python 自动化办公】专栏是介绍如何利用python办公，减少工作负荷。篇幅精炼，内容易懂，无论是否有编程基础，都非常适合。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>在上次文章中，我们学习了【用python写入excel】，这次我们学习Python写word文档吧！</p>
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<p>场景：<br>有时候，办公室需要按模版生成的固定的文件，模板是固定的，只是每次需要替换信息。如下图的收入证明，模版中所有标黄的都是需要替换的信息：<br><img src="http://jcjview.github.io/img/pythonword_model0.png" alt><br>如果手工来做这个事情，每次至少需要10分钟的时间。假如每天要开15份，则至少要花2个半小时，而且手工编辑word很容易出错。</p>
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<p>可不可用python写个程序，解决这个问题呢？</p>
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<p>结论当然是肯定的！</p>
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<h2 id="0-摘要"><a href="#0-摘要" class="headerlink" title="0.摘要"></a>0.摘要</h2><p><strong>本文大约需要15分钟，建议在电脑上打开，边阅读边操作。</strong></p>
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<ol>
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<li>安装Python读写word模块，python-docx</li>
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<li>准备word模板，准备写入word文档内容</li>
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<li>编写python代码并运行</li>
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<li>通过读取excel表格中的信息，批量生成word文件</li>
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</ol>
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<h2 id="1-安装python-docx模块"><a href="#1-安装python-docx模块" class="headerlink" title="1.安装python-docx模块"></a>1.安装python-docx模块</h2><p>与上篇文章类似，需要在cmd窗口输入<code>pip install python-docx</code>。<br><img src="http://jcjview.github.io/img/flypython_python_docx_pip.png" alt></p>
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<h2 id="2-准备word模板，准备写入word文档内容"><a href="#2-准备word模板，准备写入word文档内容" class="headerlink" title="2.准备word模板，准备写入word文档内容"></a>2.准备word模板，准备写入word文档内容</h2><p>word模板如上所示，（可以不需要标黄），这里注意，需要替换的文字或数字位置，用”XXXX”来固定替代。保存为<code>个人收入证明.docx</code>。</p>
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>名称</th>
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<th>内容</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody><tr>
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<td>姓名</td>
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<td>张三</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>身份证号</td>
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<td>104111199009103531</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>职务</td>
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<td>工程师</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>工作年限</td>
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<td>10</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>月收入</td>
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<td>10000</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>大写</td>
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<td>壹万元整</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>联系人</td>
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<td>李四</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>单位名称</td>
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<td>格物致知股份有限公司</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>单位地址</td>
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<td>珠海市横琴新区宝华路6号105室-67425</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>联系电话</td>
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<td>0756-8627528</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody></table>
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<h2 id="3-编写python代码并运行"><a href="#3-编写python代码并运行" class="headerlink" title="3. 编写python代码并运行"></a>3. 编写python代码并运行</h2><p>在word模板的同级目录，新建一个writeword.py文件，用记事本或其他文本编辑工具打开。</p>
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<p>编程思路：</p>
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<ol>
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<li>用python打开对应doc模板</li>
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<li>按顺序找到每一个需要替换的位置字符”XXXX”，替换为对应的内容</li>
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<li>另存为doc为另一个文件</li>
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</ol>
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<p>在文本编辑工具中输入如下代码，保存并关闭。</p>
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<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">from docx import Document</span><br><span class="line">#准备写入内容</span><br><span class="line">name="张三"</span><br><span class="line">id_code="104111199009103531"</span><br><span class="line">career="工程师"</span><br><span class="line">working_years="10"</span><br><span class="line">salary="10000"</span><br><span class="line">salary_uppercase="壹万元整"</span><br><span class="line">contact="李四"</span><br><span class="line">company="格物厚德股份有限公司"</span><br><span class="line">address="珠海市横琴新区宝华路6号105室-67425"</span><br><span class="line">tel="0756-8627528"</span><br><span class="line">#打开doc</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">textlist=[name,id_code,career,working_years,salary,salary_uppercase,company,address,contact,tel]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">doc = Document("个人收入证明.docx")</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">count=0</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">for p in doc.paragraphs:</span><br><span class="line"> if 'XXXX' in p.text:</span><br><span class="line"> inline = p.runs</span><br><span class="line"> for i in range(len(inline)):</span><br><span class="line"> if 'XXXX' in inline[i].text:</span><br><span class="line"> text = inline[i].text.replace('XXXX', textlist[count])</span><br><span class="line"> inline[i].text = text</span><br><span class="line"> count+=1</span><br><span class="line"> print(count)</span><br><span class="line">doc.save("%s_个人收入证明.docx"%name)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<p>在同级目录，打开cmd，运行writeword.py <code>python writeword.py</code></p>
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<p>生成结果如下：<br><code>张三_个人收入证明.docx</code><br><img src="http://jcjview.github.io/img/pythonword2.png" alt></p>
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<h2 id="4-通过读取excel表格中的信息，批量生成word文件"><a href="#4-通过读取excel表格中的信息，批量生成word文件" class="headerlink" title="4.通过读取excel表格中的信息，批量生成word文件"></a>4.通过读取excel表格中的信息，批量生成word文件</h2><p>这里生成了对应word文件，但也有几个问题：</p>
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<ol>
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<li>对应的日期并没有自动填写，应当填写文件生成时对应的日期</li>
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<li>如果是生成大量同样word文档的话，目前的程序也需要一个一个改，并没有提升太多效率</li>
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</ol>
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<p>如果您看过我们之前的2篇用python读写excel的文章，您肯定就会想到，可以利用读取excel表格里的内容，批量生成对应的word文档。对，让我们继续吧！</p>
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<p>这里再准备一个excel文件，将需要批量写入的信息写在excel中，并保存为income.xlsx在同级目录，如下图：</p>
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<p><img src="http://jcjview.github.io/img/pythonword23.png" alt></p>
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<p>修改python 文件writeword.py</p>
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<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">from docx import Document</span><br><span class="line">#准备写入内容</span><br><span class="line">import xlrd</span><br><span class="line">import time</span><br><span class="line"># 当前时间元组</span><br><span class="line">from datetime import datetime</span><br><span class="line">nt=datetime.now()</span><br><span class="line"># 可以输入中文年月日</span><br><span class="line">datestr=nt.strftime('%Y{y}%m{m}%d{d}').format(y='年', m='月', d='日')</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">xlsx=xlrd.open_workbook('income.xlsx')</span><br><span class="line">sheet=xlsx.sheet_by_index(0)</span><br><span class="line">for row in range(1,sheet.nrows):</span><br><span class="line"> doc = Document("个人收入证明.docx")</span><br><span class="line"> count=0</span><br><span class="line"> textlist=[]</span><br><span class="line"> for col in range(0,sheet.ncols):</span><br><span class="line"> textlist.append(str(sheet.cell_value(row, col)))</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> for p in doc.paragraphs:</span><br><span class="line"> if 'XXXX' in p.text:</span><br><span class="line"> inline = p.runs</span><br><span class="line"> for i in range(len(inline)):</span><br><span class="line"> if 'XXXX' in inline[i].text:</span><br><span class="line"> text = inline[i].text.replace('XXXX', textlist[count])</span><br><span class="line"> inline[i].text = text</span><br><span class="line"> count+=1</span><br><span class="line"> if 'X 年 X 月 X 日' in p.text:</span><br><span class="line"> inline = p.runs</span><br><span class="line"> for i in range(len(inline)):</span><br><span class="line"> if 'X 年 X 月 X 日' in inline[i].text:</span><br><span class="line"> text = inline[i].text.replace('X 年 X 月 X 日', datestr)</span><br><span class="line"> inline[i].text = text</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> doc.save("%s_个人收入证明.docx"%textlist[0])</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<p> 运行后，输入结果：</p>
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<p><img src="http://jcjview.github.io/img/pythonword3.png" alt></p>
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<p><img src="http://jcjview.github.io/img/pythonword4.png" alt></p>
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<p><em>人生苦短，我用python早下班。如果觉得不错，对你工作中有帮助，请加我微信公众号flypython，我们一起探讨python相关问题</em></p>
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