"""Functions to help play and score a game of blackjack.

How to play blackjack:    https://bicyclecards.com/how-to-play/blackjack/
"Standard" playing cards: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_52-card_deck
"""


def value_of_card(card):
    """Determine the scoring value of a card.

    :param card: str - given card.
    :return: int - value of a given card.  See below for values.

    1.  'J', 'Q', or 'K' (otherwise known as "face cards") = 10
    2.  'A' (ace card) = 1
    3.  '2' - '10' = numerical value.
    """

    if card in ('JQK'):
        value = 10

    elif card == 'A':
        value = 1

    else:
        value = int(card)

    return value


def higher_card(card_one, card_two):
    """Determine which card has a higher value in the hand.

    :param card_one, card_two: str - cards dealt in hand.  See below for values.
    :return: str or tuple - resulting Tuple contains both cards if they are of equal value.

    1.  'J', 'Q', or 'K' (otherwise known as "face cards") = 10
    2.  'A' (ace card) = 1
    3.  '2' - '10' = numerical value.
    """

    card_one_value = value_of_card(card_one)
    card_two_value = value_of_card(card_two)

    if card_one_value == card_two_value:
        result = card_one, card_two

    elif card_one_value > card_two_value:
        result = card_one

    else:
        result = card_two

    return result


def value_of_ace(card_one, card_two):
    """Calculate the most advantageous value for the ace card.

    :param card_one, card_two: str - card dealt. See below for values.
    :return: int - either 1 or 11 value of the upcoming ace card.

    1.  'J', 'Q', or 'K' (otherwise known as "face cards") = 10
    2.  'A' (ace card) = 11 (if already in hand)
    3.  '2' - '10' = numerical value.
    """

    card_one_value = 11 if card_one == 'A' else value_of_card(card_one)
    card_two_value = 11 if card_two == 'A' else value_of_card(card_two)

    ace_value = 1 if 11 + (card_one_value + card_two_value) > 21 else 11

    return ace_value


def is_blackjack(card_one, card_two):
    """Determine if the hand is a 'natural' or 'blackjack'.

    :param card_one, card_two: str - card dealt. See below for values.
    :return: bool - is the hand is a blackjack (two cards worth 21).

    1.  'J', 'Q', or 'K' (otherwise known as "face cards") = 10
    2.  'A' (ace card) = 11 (if already in hand)
    3.  '2' - '10' = numerical value.
    """

    return (card_one == 'A' or card_two == 'A') and (value_of_card(card_one) == 10 or value_of_card(card_two) == 10)


def can_split_pairs(card_one, card_two):
    """Determine if a player can split their hand into two hands.

    :param card_one, card_two: str - cards dealt.
    :return: bool - can the hand be split into two pairs? (i.e. cards are of the same value).
    """

    return value_of_card(card_one) == value_of_card(card_two)


def can_double_down(card_one, card_two):
    """Determine if a blackjack player can place a double down bet.

    :param card_one, card_two: str - first and second cards in hand.
    :return: bool - can the hand can be doubled down? (i.e. totals 9, 10 or 11 points).
    """

    return 8 < value_of_card(card_one) + value_of_card(card_two) < 12
