diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yml b/.github/workflows/test.yml
index 70cce63..8fe86be 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@@ -40,4 +40,4 @@ jobs:
           build-args: ZIP_PASSWORD=${{secrets.ZIP_PASSWORD}}
 
       - name: Run tests for all exercises
-        run: bin/test
+        run: bin/verify-exercises-in-docker
diff --git a/bin/test b/bin/test
deleted file mode 100755
index 27fa4e2..0000000
--- a/bin/test
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-
-# Test if the example/exemplar solution of each 
-# Practice/Concept Exercise passes the exercise's tests.
-
-# Example:
-# ./bin/test
-
-set -eo pipefail
-
-exit_code=0
-
-function run_test_runner() {
-    local dir=$1
-    local slug=$2
-
-    docker run \
-        --rm \
-        --network none \
-        --mount type=bind,src="${dir}",dst=/solution \
-        --mount type=bind,src="${dir}",dst=/output \
-        --tmpfs /tmp:rw \
-        exercism/8th-test-runner "${slug}" "/solution" "/output"
-}
-
-function verify_exercise() {
-    local dir=$(realpath "$1")
-    local slug=$(basename "${dir}")
-    local implementation_file_key=$2    
-    local implementation_file=$(jq -r --arg d "${dir}" --arg k "${implementation_file_key}" '$d + "/" + .files[$k][0]' "${dir}/.meta/config.json")
-    local stub_file=$(jq -r --arg d "${dir}" '$d + "/" + .files.solution[0]' "${dir}/.meta/config.json")
-    local stub_backup_file="${stub_file}.bak"
-    local results_file="${dir}/results.json"
-
-    cp "${stub_file}" "${stub_backup_file}"
-    cp "${implementation_file}" "${stub_file}"
-
-    run_test_runner "${dir}" "${slug}"
-
-    if [[ $(jq -r '.status' "${results_file}") != "pass" ]]; then
-        echo "${slug}: ${implementation_file_key} solution did not pass the tests"
-        cat "${results_file}"
-        exit_code=1
-    fi
-
-    mv "${stub_backup_file}" "${stub_file}"
-    rm -f "${results_file}"
-}
-
-# Verify the Concept Exercises
-for concept_exercise_dir in ./exercises/concept/*/; do
-    if [[ -d $concept_exercise_dir ]]; then
-        echo "Checking $(basename "${concept_exercise_dir}") exercise..."
-        verify_exercise "$concept_exercise_dir" "exemplar"
-    fi
-done
-
-# Verify the Practice Exercises
-for practice_exercise_dir in ./exercises/practice/*/; do
-    if [[ -d $practice_exercise_dir ]]; then
-        echo "Checking $(basename "${practice_exercise_dir}") exercise..."        
-        verify_exercise "$practice_exercise_dir" "example"
-    fi
-done
-
-exit "${exit_code}"
diff --git a/bin/test-no-docker b/bin/test-no-docker
deleted file mode 100755
index 9dac856..0000000
--- a/bin/test-no-docker
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-
-usage="Usage: $0 [-r] -a|exercise_slug
-
-Test an example solution.
-Use -a to test all exercises.
-Use -r to run skipped tests.
-
-Example: $0 luhn"
-
-die() { echo "$*" >&2; exit 1; }
-
-make_test_dir() {
-    local exercise_dir=$1
-    local slug=${exercise_dir##*/}
-    local key=$2
-    (
-        cd "$exercise_dir" || die "cannot cd to: $exercise_dir"
-        [[ -f test-words.8th ]] && cp test-words.8th "$test_dir"
-        [[ -d libs ]] && cp -r libs "$test_dir"
-        while IFS= read -r test; do
-            cp -r "$test" "$test_dir"
-        done < <(
-            jq -r '.files.test[]' .meta/config.json
-        )
-        while IFS= read -r solution; do
-            cp -r "$solution" "$test_dir/$slug.8th"
-        done < <(
-            jq -r --arg key "$key" '.files[$key][]' .meta/config.json
-        )
-    )
-}
-
-test_one() {
-    local slug=$1
-    if [[ -d "./exercises/concept/$slug" ]]; then
-        make_test_dir "./exercises/concept/$slug" exemplar
-    elif [[ -d "./exercises/practice/$slug" ]]; then
-        make_test_dir "./exercises/practice/$slug" example
-    else
-        die "no such exercise: $slug"
-    fi
-    (
-        cd "$test_dir" || die "cannot cd to $test_dir"
-        8th -f test.8th
-    )
-}
-
-cleanup() { rm -rf "$test_dir"; }
-
-test_dir=$(mktemp -d)
-trap cleanup EXIT
-
-all=false
-while getopts :har opt; do
-    case $opt in
-        h) die "$usage" ;;
-        a) all=true ;;
-        r) export RUN_ALL_TESTS=true ;;
-        ?) die "unknown option: -$OPTARG" ;;
-    esac
-done
-shift $((OPTIND-1))
-
-if $all; then
-    shopt -s nullglob
-    for dir in ./exercises/concept/* ./exercises/practice/*; do
-        slug=${dir##*/}
-        if test_one "$slug"; then
-            echo "$slug tests exited with $?"
-            echo
-        else
-            die "$slug tests exited with $?"
-        fi
-    done
-else
-    slug=$1
-    [[ -n $slug ]] || die "$usage"
-    test_one "$slug"
-fi
diff --git a/bin/verify-exercises b/bin/verify-exercises
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f5e9e11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/verify-exercises
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+# Synopsis:
+# Verify that each exercise's example/exemplar solution passes the tests.
+# You can either verify all exercises or a single exercise.
+
+# Example: verify all exercises
+# bin/verify-exercises
+
+# Example: verify single exercise
+# bin/verify-exercises two-fer
+
+set -eo pipefail
+
+die() { echo "$*" >&2; exit 1; }
+
+required_tool() {
+    command -v "${1}" >/dev/null 2>&1 ||
+        die "${1} is required but not installed. Please install it and make sure it's in your PATH."
+}
+
+required_tool jq
+
+copy_example_or_examplar_to_solution() {
+    jq -c '[.files.solution, .files.exemplar // .files.example] | transpose | map({src: .[1], dst: .[0]}) | .[]' .meta/config.json \
+    | while read -r src_and_dst; do
+        cp "$(jq -r '.src' <<< "${src_and_dst}")" "$(jq -r '.dst' <<< "${src_and_dst}")"
+    done
+}
+
+unskip_tests() {
+    # shellcheck disable=SC2034
+    jq -r '.files.test[]' .meta/config.json | while read -r test_file; do
+        sed -i 's/SKIP-REST-OF-TESTS//g' "${test_file}"
+    done
+}
+
+run_tests() {
+    8th -f test.8th
+}
+
+verify_exercise() {
+    local dir
+    local slug
+    local tmp_dir
+
+    dir=$(realpath "${1}")
+    slug=$(basename "${dir}")
+    tmp_dir=$(mktemp -d -t "exercism-verify-${slug}-XXXXX")
+
+    echo "Verifying ${slug} exercise..."
+
+    (
+        trap 'rm -rf "$tmp_dir"' EXIT    # remove tempdir when subshell ends
+        cp -r "${dir}/." "${tmp_dir}"
+        cd "${tmp_dir}"
+
+        copy_example_or_examplar_to_solution
+        unskip_tests
+        run_tests
+    )
+}
+
+verify_exercises() {
+    local exercise_slug
+
+    exercise_slug="${1}"
+
+    shopt -s nullglob
+    count=0
+    for exercise_dir in ./exercises/{concept,practice}/${exercise_slug}/; do
+        if [[ -d "${exercise_dir}" ]]; then
+            verify_exercise "${exercise_dir}"
+            ((++count))
+        fi
+    done
+    ((count > 0)) || die 'no matching exercises found!'
+}
+
+exercise_slug="${1:-*}"
+verify_exercises "${exercise_slug}"
diff --git a/bin/verify-exercises-in-docker b/bin/verify-exercises-in-docker
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0ad47c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bin/verify-exercises-in-docker
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+# Synopsis:
+# Verify that each exercise's example/exemplar solution passes the tests
+# using the track's test runner Docker image.
+# You can either verify all exercises or a single exercise.
+
+# Example: verify all exercises in Docker
+# bin/verify-exercises-in-docker
+
+# Example: verify single exercise in Docker
+# bin/verify-exercises-in-docker two-fer
+
+set -eo pipefail
+
+die() { echo "$*" >&2; exit 1; }
+
+required_tool() {
+    command -v "${1}" >/dev/null 2>&1 ||
+        die "${1} is required but not installed. Please install it and make sure it's in your PATH."
+}
+
+required_tool docker
+
+copy_example_or_examplar_to_solution() {
+    jq -c '[.files.solution, .files.exemplar // .files.example] | transpose | map({src: .[1], dst: .[0]}) | .[]' .meta/config.json \
+    | while read -r src_and_dst; do
+        cp "$(jq -r '.src' <<< "${src_and_dst}")" "$(jq -r '.dst' <<< "${src_and_dst}")"
+    done
+}
+
+run_tests() {
+    local slug
+    slug="${1}"
+
+    # shellcheck disable=SC1083
+    docker run \
+        --rm \
+        --network none \
+        --read-only \
+        --mount type=bind,src="${PWD}",dst=/solution \
+        --mount type=bind,src="${PWD}",dst=/output \
+        --mount type=tmpfs,dst=/tmp \
+        exercism/8th-test-runner "${slug}" /solution /output
+    jq -e '.status == "pass"' "${PWD}/results.json" >/dev/null 2>&1
+}
+
+verify_exercise() {
+    local dir
+    local slug
+    local tmp_dir
+    dir=$(realpath "${1}")
+    slug=$(basename "${dir}")
+    tmp_dir=$(mktemp -d -t "exercism-verify-${slug}-XXXXX")
+
+    echo "Verifying ${slug} exercise..."
+
+    (
+        trap 'rm -rf "$tmp_dir"' EXIT    # remove tempdir when subshell ends
+        cp -r "${dir}/." "${tmp_dir}"
+        cd "${tmp_dir}"
+
+        copy_example_or_examplar_to_solution
+        run_tests "${slug}"
+    )
+}
+
+verify_exercises() {
+    local exercise_slug
+    exercise_slug="${1}"
+
+    shopt -s nullglob
+    count=0
+    for exercise_dir in ./exercises/{concept,practice}/${exercise_slug}/; do
+        if [[ -d "${exercise_dir}" ]]; then
+            verify_exercise "${exercise_dir}"
+            ((++count))
+        fi
+    done
+    ((count > 0)) || die 'no matching exercises found!'
+}
+
+exercise_slug="${1:-*}"
+verify_exercises "${exercise_slug}"