488 lines
23 KiB
C#
488 lines
23 KiB
C#
using CsQuery;
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using CsQuery.ExtensionMethods.Internal;
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using CsQuery.Output;
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using System;
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using System.Collections.Generic;
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using System.Globalization;
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using System.Linq;
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using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
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namespace XSS
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{
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/// <summary>
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/// Cleans HTML fragments from constructs that can lead to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_scripting">XSS attacks</a>.
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/// </summary>
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/// <remarks>
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/// XSS attacks can occur at several levels within an HTML fragment:
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/// <list type="bullet">
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/// <item>HTML Tags (e.g. the <script> tag)</item>
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/// <item>HTML attributes (e.g. the "onload" attribute)</item>
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/// <item>CSS styles (url property values)</item>
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/// <item>malformed HTML or HTML that exploits parser bugs in specific browsers</item>
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/// </list>
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/// <para>
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/// The HtmlSanitizer class addresses all of these possible attack vectors by using an HTML parser that is based on the one used
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/// in the Gecko browser engine (see <a href="https://github.com/jamietre/CsQuery">CsQuery</a>).
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/// </para>
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/// <para>
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/// In order to facilitate different use cases, HtmlSanitizer can be customized at the levels mentioned above:
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/// <list type="bullet">
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/// <item>You can specify the allowed HTML tags through the property <see cref="AllowedTags"/>. All other tags will be stripped.</item>
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/// <item>You can specify the allowed HTML attributes through the property <see cref="AllowedAttributes"/>. All other attributes will be stripped.</item>
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/// <item>You can specify the allowed CSS property names through the property <see cref="AllowedCssProperties"/>. All other styles will be stripped.</item>
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/// <item>You can specify the allowed URI schemes through the property <see cref="AllowedCssProperties"/>. All other URIs will be stripped.</item>
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/// <item>You can specify the HTML attributes that contain URIs (such as "src", "href" etc.) through the property <see cref="UriAttributes"/>.</item>
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/// </list>
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/// </para>
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/// </remarks>
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/// <example>
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/// <code>
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/// <![CDATA[
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/// var sanitizer = new HtmlSanitizer();
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/// var html = @"<script>alert('xss')</script><div onload=""alert('xss')"" style=""background-color: test"">Test<img src=""test.gif"" style=""background-image: url(javascript:alert('xss')); margin: 10px""></div>";
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/// var sanitized = sanitizer.Sanitize(html, "http://www.example.com");
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/// // -> "<div style="background-color: test">Test<img style="margin: 10px" src="http://www.example.com/test.gif"></div>"
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/// ]]>
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/// </code>
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/// </example>
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public class HtmlSanitizer
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{
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/// <summary>
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/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="HtmlSanitizer"/> class.
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="allowedTags">The allowed tag names such as "a" and "div". When <c>null</c>, uses <see cref="DefaultAllowedTags"/></param>
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/// <param name="allowedSchemes">The allowed HTTP schemes such as "http" and "https". When <c>null</c>, uses <see cref="DefaultAllowedSchemes"/></param>
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/// <param name="allowedAttributes">The allowed HTML attributes such as "href" and "alt". When <c>null</c>, uses <see cref="DefaultAllowedAttributes"/></param>
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/// <param name="uriAttributes">the HTML attributes that can contain a URI such as "href". When <c>null</c>, uses <see cref="DefaultUriAttributes"/></param>
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/// <param name="allowedCssProperties">the allowed CSS properties such as "font" and "margin". When <c>null</c>, uses <see cref="DefaultAllowedCssProperties"/></param>
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public HtmlSanitizer(IEnumerable<string> allowedTags = null, IEnumerable<string> allowedSchemes = null,
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IEnumerable<string> allowedAttributes = null, IEnumerable<string> uriAttributes = null, IEnumerable<string> allowedCssProperties = null)
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{
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AllowedTags = new HashSet<string>(StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase);
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AllowedTags.AddRange(allowedTags ?? DefaultAllowedTags);
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AllowedSchemes = new HashSet<string>(StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase);
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AllowedSchemes.AddRange(allowedSchemes ?? DefaultAllowedSchemes);
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AllowedAttributes = new HashSet<string>(StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase);
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AllowedAttributes.AddRange(allowedAttributes ?? DefaultAllowedAttributes);
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UriAttributes = new HashSet<string>(StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase);
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UriAttributes.AddRange(uriAttributes ?? DefaultUriAttributes);
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AllowedCssProperties = new HashSet<string>(StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase);
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AllowedCssProperties.AddRange(allowedCssProperties ?? DefaultAllowedCssProperties);
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// Gets or sets the allowed HTTP schemes such as "http" and "https".
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/// </summary>
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/// <value>
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/// The allowed HTTP schemes.
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/// </value>
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public ISet<string> AllowedSchemes { get; private set; }
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/// <summary>
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/// The default allowed URI schemes.
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/// </summary>
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public static readonly ISet<string> DefaultAllowedSchemes = new HashSet<string> { "http", "https" };
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/// <summary>
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/// Gets or sets the allowed HTML tag names such as "a" and "div".
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/// </summary>
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/// <value>
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/// The allowed tag names.
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/// </value>
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public ISet<string> AllowedTags { get; private set; }
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/// <summary>
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/// The default allowed HTML tag names.
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/// </summary>
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public static readonly ISet<string> DefaultAllowedTags = new HashSet<string> {
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// https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/Guide/HTML/HTML5/HTML5_element_list
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"a", "abbr", "acronym", "address", "area", "b",
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"big", "blockquote", "br", "button", "caption", "center", "cite",
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"code", "col", "colgroup", "dd", "del", "dfn", "dir", "div", "dl", "dt",
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"em", "fieldset", "font", "form", "h1", "h2", "h3", "h4", "h5", "h6",
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"hr", "i", "img", "input", "ins", "kbd", "label", "legend", "li", "map",
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"menu", "ol", "optgroup", "option", "p", "pre", "q", "s", "samp",
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"select", "small", "span", "strike", "strong", "sub", "sup", "table",
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"tbody", "td", "textarea", "tfoot", "th", "thead", "tr", "tt", "u",
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"ul", "var",
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// HTML5
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// Sections
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"section", "nav", "article", "aside", "header", "footer", "main",
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// Grouping content
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"figure", "figcaption",
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// Text-level semantics
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"data", "time", "mark", "ruby", "rt", "rp", "bdi", "wbr",
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// Forms
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"datalist", "keygen", "output", "progress", "meter",
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// Interactive elements
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"details", "summary", "menuitem"
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};
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/// <summary>
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/// Gets or sets the allowed HTML attributes such as "href" and "alt".
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/// </summary>
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/// <value>
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/// The allowed HTML attributes.
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/// </value>
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public ISet<string> AllowedAttributes { get; private set; }
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/// <summary>
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/// The default allowed HTML attributes.
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/// </summary>
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public static readonly ISet<string> DefaultAllowedAttributes = new HashSet<string> {
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// https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes
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"abbr", "accept", "accept-charset", "accesskey",
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"action", "align", "alt", "axis", "bgcolor", "border", "cellpadding",
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"cellspacing", "char", "charoff", "charset", "checked", "cite", /* "class", */
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"clear", "cols", "colspan", "color", "compact", "coords", "datetime",
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"dir", "disabled", "enctype", "for", "frame", "headers", "height",
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"href", "hreflang", "hspace", /* "id", */ "ismap", "label", "lang",
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"longdesc", "maxlength", "media", "method", "multiple", "name",
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"nohref", "noshade", "nowrap", "prompt", "readonly", "rel", "rev",
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"rows", "rowspan", "rules", "scope", "selected", "shape", "size",
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"span", "src", "start", "style", "summary", "tabindex", "target", "title",
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"type", "usemap", "valign", "value", "vspace", "width",
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// HTML5
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"high", // <meter>
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"keytype", // <keygen>
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"list", // <input>
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"low", // <meter>
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"max", // <input>, <meter>, <progress>
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"min", // <input>, <meter>
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"novalidate", // <form>
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"open", // <details>
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"optimum", // <meter>
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"pattern", // <input>
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"placeholder", // <input>, <textarea>
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"pubdate", // <time>
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"radiogroup", // <menuitem>
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"required", // <input>, <select>, <textarea>
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"reversed", // <ol>
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"spellcheck", // Global attribute
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"step", // <input>
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"wrap", // <textarea>
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"challenge", // <keygen>
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"contenteditable", // Global attribute
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"draggable", // Global attribute
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"dropzone", // Global attribute
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"autocomplete", // <form>, <input>
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"autosave", // <input>
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};
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/// <summary>
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/// Gets or sets the HTML attributes that can contain a URI such as "href".
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/// </summary>
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/// <value>
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/// The URI attributes.
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/// </value>
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public ISet<string> UriAttributes { get; private set; }
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/// <summary>
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/// The default URI attributes.
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/// </summary>
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public static readonly ISet<string> DefaultUriAttributes = new HashSet<string> { "action", "background", "dynsrc", "href", "lowsrc", "src" };
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/// <summary>
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/// Gets or sets the allowed CSS properties such as "font" and "margin".
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/// </summary>
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/// <value>
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/// The allowed CSS properties.
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/// </value>
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public ISet<string> AllowedCssProperties { get; private set; }
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/// <summary>
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/// The default allowed CSS properties.
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/// </summary>
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public static readonly ISet<string> DefaultAllowedCssProperties = new HashSet<string> {
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// CSS 3 properties <http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS/#properties>
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"background", "background-attachment", "background-color",
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"background-image", "background-position", "background-repeat",
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"border", "border-bottom", "border-bottom-color",
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"border-bottom-style", "border-bottom-width", "border-collapse",
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"border-color", "border-left", "border-left-color",
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"border-left-style", "border-left-width", "border-right",
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"border-right-color", "border-right-style", "border-right-width",
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"border-spacing", "border-style", "border-top", "border-top-color",
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"border-top-style", "border-top-width", "border-width", "bottom",
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"caption-side", "clear", "clip", "color", "content",
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"counter-increment", "counter-reset", "cursor", "direction", "display",
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"empty-cells", "float", "font", "font-family", "font-size",
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"font-style", "font-variant", "font-weight", "height", "left",
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"letter-spacing", "line-height", "list-style", "list-style-image",
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"list-style-position", "list-style-type", "margin", "margin-bottom",
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"margin-left", "margin-right", "margin-top", "max-height", "max-width",
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"min-height", "min-width", "opacity", "orphans", "outline",
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"outline-color", "outline-style", "outline-width", "overflow",
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"padding", "padding-bottom", "padding-left", "padding-right",
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"padding-top", "page-break-after", "page-break-before",
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"page-break-inside", "quotes", "right", "table-layout",
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"text-align", "text-decoration", "text-indent", "text-transform",
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"top", "unicode-bidi", "vertical-align", "visibility", "white-space",
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"widows", "width", "word-spacing", "z-index" };
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private Regex _disallowedCssPropertyValue;
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/// <summary>
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/// Gets or sets a regex that must not match for legal CSS property values.
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/// </summary>
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/// <value>
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/// The regex.
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/// </value>
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public Regex DisallowCssPropertyValue
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{
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get { return _disallowedCssPropertyValue ?? DefaultDisallowedCssPropertyValue; }
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set { _disallowedCssPropertyValue = value; }
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// Occurs before a tag is removed.
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/// </summary>
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public event EventHandler<RemovingTagEventArgs> RemovingTag;
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/// <summary>
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/// Occurs before an attribute is removed.
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/// </summary>
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public event EventHandler<RemovingAttributeEventArgs> RemovingAttribute;
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/// <summary>
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/// Occurs before a style is removed.
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/// </summary>
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public event EventHandler<RemovingStyleEventArgs> RemovingStyle;
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/// <summary>
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/// Raises the <see cref="E:RemovingTag" /> event.
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="e">The <see cref="RemovingTagEventArgs"/> instance containing the event data.</param>
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protected virtual void OnRemovingTag(RemovingTagEventArgs e)
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{
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if (RemovingTag != null) RemovingTag(this, e);
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// Raises the <see cref="E:RemovingAttribute" /> event.
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="e">The <see cref="RemovingAttributeEventArgs"/> instance containing the event data.</param>
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protected virtual void OnRemovingAttribute(RemovingAttributeEventArgs e)
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{
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if (RemovingAttribute != null) RemovingAttribute(this, e);
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// Raises the <see cref="E:RemovingStyle" /> event.
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="e">The <see cref="RemovingStyleEventArgs"/> instance containing the event data.</param>
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protected virtual void OnRemovingStyle(RemovingStyleEventArgs e)
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{
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if (RemovingStyle != null) RemovingStyle(this, e);
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// The default regex for disallowed CSS property values.
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/// </summary>
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public static readonly Regex DefaultDisallowedCssPropertyValue = new Regex(@"[<>]", RegexOptions.Compiled);
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/// <summary>
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/// The regex for Javascript includes (see https://www.owasp.org/index.php/XSS_Filter_Evasion_Cheat_Sheet#.26_JavaScript_includes)
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/// </summary>
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protected static readonly Regex JSInclude = new Regex(@"\s*&{");
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/// <summary>
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/// Sanitizes the specified HTML.
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="html">The HTML to sanitize.</param>
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/// <param name="baseUrl">The base URL relative URLs are resolved against. No resolution if empty.</param>
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/// <param name="outputFormatter">The CsQuery output formatter used to render the DOM. Using the default formatter if null.</param>
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/// <returns>The sanitized HTML.</returns>
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public string Sanitize(string html, string baseUrl = "", IOutputFormatter outputFormatter = null)
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{
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var dom = CQ.Create(html);
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foreach (var tag in dom["*"].Not(string.Join(",", AllowedTags)).ToList())
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{
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var e = new RemovingTagEventArgs { Tag = tag };
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OnRemovingTag(e);
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if (!e.Cancel) tag.Remove();
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}
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foreach (var tag in dom["*"])
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{
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foreach (var attribute in tag.Attributes.Where(a => !AllowedAttributes.Contains(a.Key)).ToList())
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{
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RemoveAttribute(tag, attribute);
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}
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foreach (var attribute in tag.Attributes.Where(a => UriAttributes.Contains(a.Key)).ToList())
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{
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var url = SanitizeUrl(attribute.Value, baseUrl);
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if (url == null)
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{
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RemoveAttribute(tag, attribute);
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}
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else
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tag.SetAttribute(attribute.Key, url);
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}
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SanitizeStyle(tag.Style, baseUrl);
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foreach (var attribute in tag.Attributes.ToList())
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{
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if (JSInclude.IsMatch(attribute.Value))
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RemoveAttribute(tag, attribute);
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var val = attribute.Value;
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if (val.Contains('<')) { val = val.Replace("<", "<"); tag.SetAttribute(attribute.Key, val); }
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if (val.Contains('>')) { val = val.Replace(">", ">"); tag.SetAttribute(attribute.Key, val); }
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}
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}
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if (outputFormatter == null)
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outputFormatter = new FormatDefault(DomRenderingOptions.RemoveComments | DomRenderingOptions.QuoteAllAttributes, HtmlEncoders.Default);
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var output = dom.Render(outputFormatter);
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return output;
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}
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private void RemoveAttribute(IDomObject tag, KeyValuePair<string, string> attribute)
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{
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var e = new RemovingAttributeEventArgs { Attribute = attribute };
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OnRemovingAttribute(e);
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if (!e.Cancel) tag.RemoveAttribute(attribute.Key);
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}
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// from http://genshi.edgewall.org/
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private static readonly Regex CssUnicodeEscapes = new Regex(@"\\([0-9a-fA-F]{1,6})\s?|\\([^\r\n\f0-9a-fA-F'""{};:()#*])", RegexOptions.Compiled);
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private static readonly Regex CssComments = new Regex(@"/\*.*?\*/", RegexOptions.Compiled);
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// IE6 <http://heideri.ch/jso/#80>
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private static readonly Regex CssExpression = new Regex(@"[eE\uFF25\uFF45][xX\uFF38\uFF58][pP\uFF30\uFF50][rR\u0280\uFF32\uFF52][eE\uFF25\uFF45][sS\uFF33\uFF53]{2}[iI\u026A\uFF29\uFF49][oO\uFF2F\uFF4F][nN\u0274\uFF2E\uFF4E]", RegexOptions.Compiled);
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private static readonly Regex CssUrl = new Regex(@"[Uu][Rr\u0280][Ll\u029F]\s*\(\s*['""]?\s*([^'"")]+)", RegexOptions.Compiled);
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/// <summary>
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/// Sanitizes the style.
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="styles">The styles.</param>
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/// <param name="baseUrl">The base URL.</param>
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protected void SanitizeStyle(CsQuery.Implementation.CSSStyleDeclaration styles, string baseUrl)
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{
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if (styles == null || !styles.Any()) return;
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var removeStyles = new List<KeyValuePair<string, string>>();
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var setStyles = new Dictionary<string, string>();
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foreach (var style in styles)
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{
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var key = DecodeCss(style.Key);
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var val = DecodeCss(style.Value);
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if (!AllowedCssProperties.Contains(key) || CssExpression.IsMatch(val) || DisallowCssPropertyValue.IsMatch(val))
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removeStyles.Add(style);
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else
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{
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var urls = CssUrl.Matches(val);
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if (urls.Count > 0)
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{
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if (urls.Cast<Match>().Any(m => GetSafeUri(m.Groups[1].Value) == null))
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removeStyles.Add(style);
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else
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{
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var s = CssUrl.Replace(val, m => "url(" + SanitizeUrl(m.Groups[1].Value, baseUrl));
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if (s != val)
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{
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if (key != style.Key) removeStyles.Add(style);
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setStyles[key] = s;
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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foreach (var style in removeStyles)
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{
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var e = new RemovingStyleEventArgs { Style = style };
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OnRemovingStyle(e);
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if (!e.Cancel) styles.RemoveStyle(style.Key);
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}
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foreach (var kvp in setStyles)
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{
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styles.SetStyle(kvp.Key, kvp.Value);
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}
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// Decodes CSS unicode escapes and removes comments.
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="css">The CSS string.</param>
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/// <returns>The decoded CSS string.</returns>
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protected static string DecodeCss(string css)
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{
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var r = CssUnicodeEscapes.Replace(css, m =>
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{
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if (m.Groups[1].Success)
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return ((char)int.Parse(m.Groups[1].Value, NumberStyles.HexNumber)).ToString();
|
||
var t = m.Groups[2].Value;
|
||
return t == "\\" ? @"\\" : t;
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
r = CssComments.Replace(r, m => "");
|
||
|
||
return r;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/// <summary>
|
||
/// Tries to create a safe <see cref="Uri"/> object from a string.
|
||
/// </summary>
|
||
/// <param name="url">The URL.</param>
|
||
/// <returns>The <see cref="Uri"/> object or null if no safe <see cref="Uri"/> can be created.</returns>
|
||
protected Uri GetSafeUri(string url)
|
||
{
|
||
Uri uri;
|
||
if (!Uri.TryCreate(url, UriKind.RelativeOrAbsolute, out uri)
|
||
|| !uri.IsWellFormedOriginalString() && !IsWellFormedRelativeUri(uri)
|
||
|| uri.IsAbsoluteUri && !AllowedSchemes.Contains(uri.Scheme, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
|
||
|| !uri.IsAbsoluteUri && url.Contains(':'))
|
||
return null;
|
||
|
||
return uri;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
private static Uri _exampleUri = new Uri("http://www.example.com/");
|
||
private static bool IsWellFormedRelativeUri(Uri uri)
|
||
{
|
||
if (uri.IsAbsoluteUri) return false;
|
||
|
||
Uri absoluteUri;
|
||
if (!Uri.TryCreate(_exampleUri, uri, out absoluteUri)) return false;
|
||
var wellFormed = absoluteUri.IsWellFormedOriginalString();
|
||
return wellFormed;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/// <summary>
|
||
/// Sanitizes a URL.
|
||
/// </summary>
|
||
/// <param name="url">The URL.</param>
|
||
/// <param name="baseUrl">The base URL relative URLs are resolved against (empty or null for no resolution).</param>
|
||
/// <returns>The sanitized URL or null if no safe URL can be created.</returns>
|
||
protected string SanitizeUrl(string url, string baseUrl)
|
||
{
|
||
var uri = GetSafeUri(url);
|
||
|
||
if (uri == null) return null;
|
||
|
||
if (!uri.IsAbsoluteUri && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(baseUrl))
|
||
{
|
||
// resolve relative uri
|
||
Uri baseUri;
|
||
if (Uri.TryCreate(baseUrl, UriKind.Absolute, out baseUri))
|
||
uri = new Uri(baseUri, uri.ToString());
|
||
else return null;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
return uri.ToString();
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|